PRACTICAL VEDANTA AND ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION

Aggi Anand
Phd Scholar Institute of Management University of Kerala, Kerala, India
aggiaanand23@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

 

Wisdom is the product of the chastening and purification of knowledge and power by compassion and love. This wisdom is evidenced in its sublime stage in the thoughts of Swami Vivekananda. In his message delivered at Los Angeles on January 4, 1900, Vivekananda has told that the guiding principle in his life was to pay as much attention to the means of work as to its end.  For him practicing Vedanta was an ideal means of doing work. This paper brings alive the concept of Practical Vedanta explained by Swami Vivekananda, in the new-millennium organizational context as the perfect means to reach the end goal of organizational excellence. In various Upanishads we find that Vedanta philosophy is not an outcome of meditation in the forests only, but that the very best parts of it were thought out and expressed by brains which were the busiest in everyday affairs of life like those who commanded armies or sat on thrones. The paper explores the existing literature on theoretical and practical aspects of Vedanta philosophy and examines its applicability in the organizational context. It also traces the essence of Practical Vedanta and identifies its significance in various dimensions of organizational transformation.

STOCK MARKET RETURNS OF LEADING GREEN COMPANIES
OF USA IN COMPARSION WITH THEIR BENCHMARK INDICES

Ajith Sankar R N
Assistant Professor, PSG Institute of Management, Coimbatore,
Email-ajithsrn@ecologyfund.net

Vaishnavi Krishnan
Former MBA Student, PSG Institute of Management, Coimbatore

ABSTRACT

Companies are increasingly finding innovative ways to do business in a sustainable manner. These corporations are responding to their own needs to run a conscience-driven business and also the needs of consumers who are looking forward to buy products and services that are friendly to the natural environment. A concern among companies and investors that wanted to go green was whether it will affect the competitiveness of the company and its stock market returns. This paper sets out to assess whether companies engaged in green practices has lower than average stock market returns. An empirical study was carried out using a simple research tool, percentage analysis. The study measured stock market returns over various time frames for leading companies that are ecology friendly, and it was compared with the stock market returns of leading benchmark indices. Rankings generated by an independent body, the Newsweek magazine’s Green Rankings, was used during the study. Certain preliminary conclusions are derived. The research led to the suggestion that the stock market returns of companies engaged in green practices are higher than the broad market returns. The study was limited to companies listed in US stock exchanges. The study only used the first list released by Newsweek - Newsweek Green Ranking 2009. The study may give hope and confidence to individuals and firms that engaging in green practices may help to improve the purpose of their existence. This study may break the long-held belief that doing good to the society by going green does not make good business sense. In a context where matching the returns provided by the broad market index itself is considered an achievement by the investors, an outperformance signals that being ecologically sustainable need not mean lesser returns to investors. Fund management firms may look into investing in firms that are only green. Individuals may consider investment in environment-friendly companies as a safer option for investment. Firms may look into improving their focus on green practices. This study may be among the few in the world among the research papers that explores relation among spirituality, green practices and stock market returns.

 

UNDERSTANDING EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP: THE SPIRITUAL APPROACH
 Alka Dwivedi
College of Management and Economic Studies, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, UttrakhandIndia
E-mail: alkad102@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Spirituality is the basis of everyone’s life and should be taken as the basis of present day business organizations too, including organizational leaderships as they have a profound effect upon many lives. The present paper advocates that the only way to an effective and inspiring leadership is through spirituality. Spiritual leadership fulfills the spiritual needs of both the leader and the follower as both of them are actually spiritual beings at work. The paper first explains spirituality and discusses the concept to distinguish it from religion. It draws from the available literature on leadership to delineate the characteristics of effective leadership and shows how they actually are the resultant of spiritual thought process. Compassion, forgiveness, gratitude, appreciative inquiry and other spiritual characteristics make for an effective leader. Effective leadership calls for a connectedness between the leader and follower and a shared sense of purpose between them for achieving a superordinate goal. The inner self dimension of work place spirituality implying the connectedness between the leader and the follower combined with people’s spiritual quest to find meaning in their work is well embraced in spiritual leadership. The paper then further attempts to build up the conceptual framework to show how the spiritual leadership results in successful attainment of objectives. The framework, which serves as a link between the existing literature on organizational leadership and recent spiritual leadership theories may further be researched upon to establish its validity.

RURAL INDIAN CUSTOMERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF BRANDS BASED ON ETHICS IN ADVERTISING
Anita Gupta
Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence- Marketing (SCMHRD), Pune
E-mail: anita_gupta@scmhrd.edu, anitanita1@gmail.com
ABSTRACT

The success of a company’s offering is largely dependent on customers’ perceptions towards it. It is a common practice for marketers to use certain unethical aspects while advertising their products in order to grab attention of the people and also to generate interest for their products.  The way marketers communicate about their brands through advertisement messages, contents, depictions, choice of models etc play an important role in building customer perceptions about their brands. In their desperate attempt to woo customers, more often than not, marketers stoop to any level to enhance their brand’s appeal. However, the psyche of the rural consumers, their needs, culture, beliefs, values, income patterns, educational levels, environment and comfort levels are very different from their urban counterparts. Marketers need to understand this for creating favorable image and effective communication strategies for marketing their brands in rural India. Their advertisements should be fine-tuned with the comfort levels of their target audience so as to build the right kind of customer perceptions for their brands. This will eventually translate into purchase decisions. 

This paper will examine in the Indian cultural context, if ethics in advertisements has any role to play in the formulation of brand perceptions among the rural customers. The study will also attempt to show that the meaning of ethics varies between the urban and rural Indian customers. Managerial implications will then be drawn from the study. Interpretive paradigm will be used to conduct this study using descriptive approach. This will take into account the insights given by rural consumers through interviews.
The findings of this study will help marketers in understanding all those aspects in advertisements that are considered unethical by the rural Indian customers. This in turn will help them in creating effective communication strategies for wooing such customers and building positive brand image among them.
Ensuring Effective Leadership by the Practice of the Laws of Manu

 

 

ENSURING EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP BY THE PRACTICE OF THE LAWS OF MANU
Annabel Droussiotis
School of Business Administration, Cyprus
E-mail: droussiotis.a@lim.intercollege.ac.cy

 

Some leadership theories focus on the leader while other focus on the followers.
Initially, the trait theories of leadership have focused on the personal qualities and characteristics of a leader. Extraversion, conscientiousness, openness and emotional intelligence were found to be common in effective leaders  (Judge, et al, 2002; Robbins and Judge, 2009:421).
Behavioral theories add to that both consideration and structuring behaviors do account for effective leaders.
Finally contingency theories on leadership recognize that the situation that a leader is in also plays a significant role predicting his/her effectiveness.
Other theories focused on the followers. The Leader-Member Exchange theory recognizes that leaders treat various employees differently. Situational approach focuses on the followers and their amount of readiness (Robbins and Judge, 2007:412).
Finally ethics and trust are now considered to be important variables for effective leadership. (Robbins and Judge, 2009:458).
But if we assume in the unity and oneness of the Self then a leader receiving the followers in the bliss of the unity of the Self can only be fair, just and treat everyone equally and respectfully.
Manu, an ancient Indian legislator and the first King to rule this earth, in his Book IV verse 92, suggest that there is a tenfold of attributes describing a universally righteous man. The following are the laws: Patience, Forgiveness, Self Control, No Stealing, Cleansing, Control of the Senses, Truth, Spiritual Intellect, Spiritual Knowledge and Absence of Anger.
If these universal laws are practiced not only by the leader but also by the followers, then all activities within an organization will be effective. Performance will increase, quality will increase, service will be improved and overall the human resource will be more fulfilled.

The challenge is how to persuade all parties involved to accept and follow these laws. Nothing harmful can come out of the practice of these laws.

THE POWER OF MIND; INTEGRATIVE THINKING

Aparna Sharma
Faculty, ICFAI University, Dehradun, India
aparnaasharma19@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT

The interdisciplinary approach is the trend of the day. This requires the comprehensive dealing which is only possible through integrative thinking. Human brain is having extensive potential, if given the right direction it can result in lot of positive outcome. The studies show that thinking over one particular issue with different perspectives brings out the best results. To confine we can say that when the sensitivity of heart is combined with the analytical and practical approach of mind integrative thinking is there.
In the globalised era one has to ponder over this issue. When the geographical boundaries are merging and collaborating for future perspective we should also take collective approach for the advancement of humanity and human beings in personal.  Interdependency is a known feature of society, which proves that for a successful life one has to touch every aspect of life. Why in Indian philosophy the family life (Grahast Ashram) is considered the best?  The answer is; it tests the multidimensionality of the individual.
The article will be focusing on how the integrative thinking becomes the power of mind and helps the one to pass the critical tests of life. Integration is the art of living and letting live. The relation between law of nature and integrative thinking can be seen everywhere, the politicians, administrators, literary laureates, scientists, economists, scholars, students, housewives, classes as well as masses, who so ever is doing best in his respective field is likely to practice integrative thinking. How one can enhance the potential with this power and can contribute to society will be the focus. As for creating wonders in materialistic world we need the serenity of nature too.

SPIRITUAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS SUFFERING

Ashima Soni
Research Scholar, Department of Psychology,Panjab University,Chandigarh, India

ABSTRACT

Spiritual attitudes towards suffering are essential in Christian spirituality .When people are confronted with suffering and hardship in life their dynamic relationship with God can be disturbed .When people are disturbed by illness, different questions come into their mind, like: What has God to do with it? What is the meaning of illness? Why do they have to suffer? All these facts and suffering take us to the theological riddle: Why is there suffering in the world? How do we reconcile suffering with a compassionate God .Is God really loving and just? Is God really perfect and absolute .The purpose of this paper is to shed light on these questions? The paper will lay emphasis on the spiritual attitude towards suffering from a theoretical perspective and will present the social location of spiritual attitudes towards suffering.

SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP AND BUSINESS
GROWTH AND ETHICS

Ashok Rathore
Foundation Director ‘AVSI’, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Allahabad-211007, U.P. (India)
Email-drakrathore@yahoo.com

VISION

Effective spiritual leadership causes business growth because leaders are continuously communicating and living out vision, creating external influence and developing internal credibility.

DEFINING SPIRITUALITY AND LEADESRSHIP
Before a definition of spirituality in leadership can be provided, one must first examine the meaning of the two key aspects of the phrase: the "spirit" and the "leader." One dictionary definition of spirit is "that which is traditionally believed to be the vital principle or animating force within living beings." Thus, the spirit relates to the deeper sense, meaning, or significance of something. A dictionary definition of the leader is "one who shows the way by going in advance; one who causes others to follow some course of action or line of thought." Thus, the leader is one who influences followers to think or behave in some way. Combining the two terms suggest that the leader who incorporates spirituality into his or her leadership will be one who causes others to seek out and understand their inner selves and who fosters a sense of meaning and significance among his or her followers. Thus, one definition of spirituality in leadership is a holistic approach to leadership in which the leader strives to encourage a sense of significance and interconnectedness among employees.

WORKPLACE MISBEHAVIOR: REVISIT TO INDIAN ROOTS FOR GLOBAL SOLUTIONS

A.V.Rajagopalan
Founder-Chairman Of The Center For Indian Culture, Heritage And Management
&
Shriramvenkatraman
Masters In Statistics, University Of Madras
ABSTRACT

Work place misbehavior is a growing phenomenon across the world. One of the major causes for this situation could be due to the decadence of organizational values. Deterioration of values has been researched from various philosophical and management perspectives. This paper tries to identify values from Indian roots which could have universal applications. We research three important ancient Indian works namely the Ramayana of Valmiki, Arthasastra of Kautilya and the Nitisatakam of Bhartruhari. The reason for the choice of the above works is their widely divergent nature - a dramatic presentation of a story (Ramayana), a normative approach to administration (Arthasastra) and a moral high tone of a philosopher-king (Nitisatakam).
This paper studies the work culture and values as presented in the three works and examines their relevance to contemporary organizational situations. Some contradictions among the three works are likely, but the approach is to identify a broad consensus of work culture and a common value system. Such an examination gives valuable insights into supervisor-supervised relationships, peer to peer conflicts, cultural clashes and organizational values. Thus, this paper presents a temporal analysis of misbehavior in work place and draws solutions to similar challenges in the contemporary organizations from the above quoted ancient Indian works on administration and management.

FOLKLORES AND LEADERSHIP

Ayesha Sengupta
B.A. Psychology Honours, First Year, Daulat Ram College, Delhi University, India

The folktales and folklores have been an inspiration for ages where in people still derive courage, strength, morals, and answers to various questions which hinder any kind of development in the modern advancing world. They are an integral part of the culture of any country in any part of the world and are looked upon for motivation and ideas without any bias regarding the geographical location of where they come from. India being one of the most diverse countries when it comes to cultures, religions and languages also has witnessed innumerable folktales and folklores like the stories of Panchatantra, Jataka, Hitopadesha, epics of Mahabharata and Ramayana and various others which still seem to encourage people and act as a source of entertainment as well as revelation for the rapidly growing population and equally advancing society. The kings, queens, personified animals, the various Gods and Goddesses, etc. that has been talked about in these tales still provide us with an archetype and pervade through all the experiences in life. In the present hastily progressing world the need for not great but apt leaders is high who not only would lead with escalating encroachment but would also be proficient enough to live up to the expectations. Going back to these folklores for stimulation regarding the same is not a very regular trend; however the requirement for taking up these folktales and folklores for various incentives is very much the need of the hour. The author in the present study intends t examine the stories from Panchatantra to draw insights for harmony and well being in different spheres of life. The analysis is likely to throw light on wisdom traditions as narrated in Panchatantra to be incorporated in the contemporary time.

THE CONSIDERATION OF SUSTAINABILITY ASPECTS IN A COMPANY’S VALUE BASED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 

Bernd Britzelmaier
Pforzheim University, Germany

Patrick Kraus
 Pforzheim University,  Germany
patrick.kraus@hs-pforzheim.de

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Value Based Management (VBM) in context of Alfred Rappaport has become one of the most controversially discussed topics in Business Administration worldwide. According to Rappaport the main goal of a company is to increase its long-term value. But often there can be observed a wrong implementation of VBM in practice, which supports a short term orientation. Due to climate change, running short of natural resources and loss of biodiversity a consideration of sustainability aspects in a company’s VBM system seems indispensable in order to support a long term orientation of value creation.     

Methodology/Approach: After an introduction the paper focuses briefly on theoretical aspects of VBM and sustainability. Subsequently the relationship between corporate performance and sustainability is being analyzed. Afterwards methods to integrate sustainability in a company’s VBM system are being presented.

Findings: With regard to a qualitative connection between corporate performance and sustainability a positive link seems to be likely. Though, the discussed empirical studies cannot prove a positive relationship between the success of companies and sustainability clearly. Furthermore, the presented management systems increase the understanding but they still show unsolved weaknesses.

Research limitations/implications: The paper shows main aspects of the discussed topics. Own empirical research is not provided in this paper.

Originality/value: The paper links VBM and sustainability. Up-to-date research results are being presented and the paper focuses on market based measures.

 

IMPACT OF SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE TRAINING ON EXISTENTIAL ANXIETY AND RELIGIOUS COPING IN MASHHAD AZAD UNIVERSITY.

Bagher Ghobari Bonab,
Faculty of Psychology & Education, University of Tehran, Tehran

Zohre Moeini
, Faculty of Psychology & Education, University of Tehran, Tehran

ABSTRACT

The aim of the current study was to investigated the effect of teaching components of spiritual intelligence on reduction of existential anxiety and enhancement of positive religious coping in college students. Using an accessible sampling procedure 24 students (17 females, and 7 males) were selected and one group pre and post test design was applied to assess the impact of spiritual intelligence training in reduction of existential anxiety and enhancement of spiritual intelligence in college students. The following measures were used in this study: Good’s(1974) existential anxiety scale , Amram’s(2009) spiritual intelligence scale and Pargament's brief RCOPE(2000) . Components of spiritual intelligence were taught in 12 sessions and each session was about 90 minutes. The following findings were obtained: a) the magnitude of spiritual intelligence and positive religious coping were correlated positively ( r = 0.49, p<0.01, b)Spiritual intelligence were increased in students as a result of intervention (p<0.05), c) utilization of negative religious coping were decreased as a result of intervention, and d) existential anxiety decreased due to intervention effect. This study also reveled That female students were using positive coping more than male students, and data indicated that spiritual intelligence in females were higher than males.

WORK AS CALLING OR DUTY?  DIFFERENCES IN MOTIVATION AND INTENTION OF CHRISTIAN AND HINDU INDIAN ENTREPRENEURS
Carol A. Christopher
Doctoral Candidate
Fuller Graduate School of Intercultural Studies
California

 

ABSTRACT

 Individual motivation and intention are recognized as hallmarks of entrepreneurs across all cultures.  Motivations are often practical:  to provide for one’s family and be respected in the community.  Intentions also appear to be fairly universal:  to build a successful company and create wealth.  However, this in-depth study of Indian entrepreneurs reveals that individual religious beliefs appear to play a significant role in entrepreneurial motivations and intentions.  In doing so, personal spirituality shapes the way these entrepreneurs lead their organizations and how they prioritize corporate activities such as engaging in social welfare projects.  A range of qualitative methods were used in this anthropological study and include multiple one-on-one interviews and life history interviews with the Indian entrepreneurs, focus groups with their employees, and participant observation at various company meetings.  Results show that, consistent with Christian and Hindu philosophical foundations, Indian Christian entrepreneurs view their career path and current leadership role as a result of God’s calling on their lives.  In contrast, Hindu entrepreneurs emphasize the dharma or duty that follows from the leadership role they have achieved through business success.  These differing views on work as calling or duty have significant implications for the motivations and intentions of Indian Christians versus Hindus in the entrepreneurial business context.  Specific examples discussed include how Christians versus Hindus manage subordinates in the organization and how they lead employees in effecting social transformation through their business.

MEASURING SPIRITUALITY QUOTIENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERS

Deepshikha Singh
Faculty, Amity Business School, Noida

 BUILDING ETHICAL LEADERS: LESSONS FROM SRI GURU GRANTH SAHIB

Dharminder Singh Ubha
Principal, GSSDGS Khalsa College, Punjab

Jasleen Kaur
Head, Dept. of Commerce and Management, Khalsa College, Punjab

ABSTRACT

The Sikh religion, known to be the most modern, scientific and all embracing religion, is unique not only in its form and faith but in content and philosophy as well. Sri Guru Granth Sahib is the holy scripture of the Sikhs, which manifests the wisdom of great sages and saints. It contains the Hymns of thirty- six holy spirits of whom only six were Sikh Gurus and of the remaining thirty, fifteen were Hindu and Muslim saints, four were followers of the Gurus and eleven were Bards who were called `Bhatta’ or Brahmin scholars – thus giving it a pluralistic outlook and universal appeal. The scripture has been open to the whole mankind and it is not confined to the any one sect, community or geographical region. The decision of the tenth Sikh Master to pronounce Sri Guru Granth Sahib as the Guru is totally new in the history of religions and it has given the Sikh religion a new meaning, a new direction and a new dimension.
Literature dealing with the interplay between religion and leadership values has been growing over the last many years. The existing literature on the subject shows that the scholars have been doing a commendable work on the role of religion and spirituality in the value based leadership and governance of a business. This also appears inevitable for the future of business and boosting the confidence of investors and faith of the society because of the scandals and scams that have brought the business world to near collapse. Leadership is inherently value-based since it is intentional and purposive.
In this paper, the researchers will endeavour to study Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the scripture of the Sikhs to explore values and ethic based principles and practices needed for building ethical leaders. The effort is to highlight the great philosophy from Sri Guru Granth Sahib so as to guide the destiny of the business world in its material pursuits. Ethical conduct is basically the inner voice of the business leaders and it is assumed that Sri Guru Granth Sahib can give them a good direction. Thus the study is aimed at formulating and systematizing the intuitive wisdom of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib in the field of leadership ethics. The basic research mission is to develop and disseminate research findings for the ethical management of organizations according to the divine knowledge enunciated in the holy Sri Guru Granth Sahib and to explore the different leadership  ethics from the view point of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. The study is significant in being the maiden attempt in the said field.
LEADERSHIP COACHING PROFILE BASED ON VIVEKANANDA´S VALUES IN MEXICAN SUCCESUFUL EXECUTIVES

Enrique Reig,
Professor UDLAP México, México
Email: reig@enriquereig.com

 

Jauli  isaac.

Ph.D.  Researcher, School of labour relations Universidad, Spain.
Email: ijauli@hotmail.com

Cervantes Cecilia

Ph. D.Consultant Sherpa consulting Group, Mexico
Email: ceo@sherpacg.com

 

Montañes, Pascual
Professor Instituto de Empresa Madrid, Spain.
Email: Pascual.Montanes@ie.edu

ABSTRACT:

In the current exploratory research paper the variables Vivekananda inner leadership traits were related with a talent coaching profile questionnaire and also with leadership based in virtues in a Mexican successful executive’s sample. There were significant relations between variables

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ATTITUDES RELATED WITH DISPOSITION TO CONTRACT MATURE WORKERS IN A SAMPLE OF MEXICAN BUSNIESS EXECUTIVES

Enrique Reig
Professor UDLAP México, México
Email: reig@enriquereig.com

Isaac Jauli
PhD Researcher School of labour relations Universidad Spain.
Email: ijauli@hotmail.com

Cecilia Cervantes
PhD (c) Consultant Sherpa consulting Group, Mexico
Email: CEO@sherpacg.com

Justine Tang MBA
MBA Research Associate, University of Hong Kong., Hong Kong
Email: justine.tang@gmail.com

 

 

          
ABSTRACT

In the current exploratory research paper the social responsibility (SR) as independent variable was measured and related with disposition to contract workers older than 55. In a sample of Mexican executives with higher education, in the results all the dimensions of (SR) were significant correlated, those dimension were: relevance, responsibility, equity, moral obligation and financial viability. In the discussion of the results future research are recommended.

APOLLO AND THE ART OF HEALING:CAN WE CREATE A HEALTHY ORGANIZATION?
Erna Oldenboom
MA, MPhil, Orakel bv, University of Cape Town

The Greek God of music, healing, plague, prophecies, poetry, and archery; associated with light, truth and the sun.
“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”.
Neil Alden Armstrong

Travelling in time from the Greek mythology to the first landing of human beings on the moon is a simple exercise of finding the right words and some fantasy. What is more complicated is the fact that humans are on the one hand possible to co-create the almost impossible and on the other hand we seem to be ignorant for what makes us real humans. Health, death, consciousness and well-being are described highly conceptual but it seems almost impossible to touch the true wisdom of it.

What makes an organization healthy, is a question that comes to mind in modern organizational studies. It is said that the Global Economy is more and more driven by creativity. Healthy Organizations seem to be more successful in finding new approaches. Ideas, innovation and entrepreneurship are essential in business now a day. In a Global economy our success or achievements highly depend on vision, values, communication and collaboration.

A PLURALISTIC VIEW OF RATIONAL DECISION MAKING IN ORGANIZATION

Galit Berenstok
Faculty of Management, Tel-Aviv University,Israel
&
 Ishak Saporta
Faculty of Management,, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
ABSTRACT
The rational model that serves as the basis for decision making in formal organizations is a monistic model which aside from the organization’s utility, neglects a whole range of other employee values. This situation creates ethical conflicts in organizations between the organization’s utility value and the non-utility values of the employees. In our view, this model has negative ethical implications on employees.
In this study, we will offer a rational-pluralistic model that combines utility with non-utility values, and in this way makes it possible to avoid a situation in which the employees are only the means for the organization’s goals, but rather they are also the end in itself.
This paper can be divided into three main parts. Part One discusses the contention that the basic assumption in organization management is rational-utilitarian, according to which the aim of organizational action is the maximization of utility. In line with this assumption, employees in the organization are required to act in a rational manner in order to promote the organization’s goals. On the other hand, research conducted on decision making indicates that decision making in actual practice does not conform to the assumptions of the rational model. Therefore, employees are not solely utilitarian-rational beings but are also motivated by additional, non-utility values. Part Two: The disparity between utility as a central organizational value and employees’ non-utility values is the basis of a value conflict. We will discuss the negative ethical implications of this conflict for organizational employees. Part Three: In this part we will propose a rational-pluralistic model of decision making. This model offers a different definition of rational behavior. By adopting this definition, the negative implications of the conflict of values for organizational employees can be reduced.

 

VALUE-BASED LEADERSHIP: INSIGHTS FROM THE BHAGWAD GITA

Gitali Choudhury
Lecturer (MBA), Lord Krishna College of Management

ABSTRACT

Since time immemorial, leadership has been one of the most important aspects of business and society and the leader is the most sought after role. There have been very turbulent times in history, including the recent global economic recession, where the leaders have been tested. It has been proved time and again that the most successful leaders have been those who have dealt with day-to-day tasks and challenges in a proactive, ethical and strong manner. Proactive and charismatic leadership has been inculcated by successful leaders by imbibing values that they learnt during their lifetime. Value-based leadership is an attribute that has generated other abilities like integrity, responsibility, dedication, respect to everyone, credibility, loyalty, efficiency, empathy, etc. Bhagwad Gita is an extremely important Indian scripture which thoroughly explains the value-based leadership taught by Lord Krishna to Arjuna, who could become a successful leader. Lord Krishna vehemently emphasizes in the Gita that value-based leadership is not a weak leadership. On the contrary, value-based leadership requires an immense courage to stand up to all challenges with full integrity and values. This paper aims at studying various aspects of value-based leadership borrowed from the Bhagwad Gita.

                                                                 

 

 

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL
 JUSTICE AND WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY

Iman Sabbagh Molahosseini
Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, Kerman, Iran
E-mail: iman.sabbaghm@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The days of the current decade are called the days of change and complexity.  The organizations in this decade are always coming and going through regularity and irregularity, i.e. contradiction. Spirituality is a newfound phenomenon in the organization and management researches, which attracts many attentions. Many researchers have been introduced spirituality as a stable source for organizations that can be helped organizations in the bad situations such as disturbance times and irregularities. The spirituality can solve the organization contradictions. Because, organizations needs continues coming and going through the states of change and stability. The justice in organizations talks about the ways of decision making and their consequences on the relation between employees. In this paper, the relation between organizational justice and workplace spirituality is surveyed

 

Gandhian Model of Integrative Thinking: Lessons for Organisational Leadership
Ipshita Bansal
Professor, FMS-WISDOM, Banasthali University, Rajasthan

Niharika Bajpai
MBA Project Fellow, FMS- WISDOM, Banasthali University, Rajasthan-

ABSTRACT
Corporate leadership today is facing crisis of integration of thought, speech and action. There is mismatch between goals and tasks, principles and action, what leaders say and what they do thereby creating an atmosphere of disillusionment and deception. On Indian soil was born a man who had the power of integrative thinking and that was Mahatma Gandhi. He consciously made efforts throughout his life to bring consistency between his words and deeds. He proved practicability of this power not only to India but to the whole world that led India to not only attain freedom (swaraj) in true sense under his exemplary leadership but also set an example for the whole world to acknowledge. The paper explores Gandhi’s integrative thinking with respect to three principle viz. Truth, Non-violence and Service orientation on which he had an unflinching faith and he not only preached them but also practiced them till his last breath. This paper is an endeavour to take insights from his integrative thinking for organisational leadership with illustrations of present day corporate world. Leaders with integration of thought speech and action are more balanced, stable and transparent in a way lending stability, transparency and goodwill to the organisation.

 

INTERPLAY OF SPIRIT AND EMOTIONS AT WORK

 Ipshita Bansal
Professor, FMS-WISDOM, Banasthali University, Rajasthan

Priti Hingorani
Research Associate, FMS- WISDOM, Banasthali University, Rajasthan

ABSTRACT
In an increasingly globalized and turbulent business environment, employees find themselves more stressed and confused. The concept of social welfare is considered irrelevant. An employee finds his/ her job life being cut short too harshly. Downsizing and Layoff have a disastrous impact on the level of employee engagement, connectedness and morale.
Life has become like a ship which has comforts in it, but the important thing is missing, that it has no compass and does not know where to go. The Spiritual principles and Emotional Intelligence provide the compass in the human ship so as to make the working environment healthy.
This paper aims to discuss the interplay of Spirituality and Emotional Intelligence and how it provides a strong foundation for the development of healthy workplace environment.
However the concept of Spirituality and EI find roots in Hindu Philosophy as ‘Sthitprajnan’ to describe the term EI, which means a person having steady wisdom and high emotional stability. Today the need of the hour is to once again revisit such principles which can help in achieving harmony in employee – employer relationship.
Paper also talks about integration of spirituality and emotional intelligence with self awareness, self regulation, self motivation, empathy and social skills as its components. An effort has been made to explore the methods to develop employee spirituality with illustrations of various organizations which have been conferred with International Spirit at Work Award. Finally the paper talks about how these spiritually oriented practices can help in building up workplace EI which in turn can contribute to employee attraction, engagement and retention.

 

A SPIRITUAL LEADER FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT - MOTHER TERESA

 K. Jayalakshmamma
Assistant Professor, Govt. R.C. College of Com & Mgt. Bangalore India

ABSTRACT

 This study falls under exploratory study where an effort is made to study the spiritual leadership qualities of Mother Teresa and her contribution to the society. It is all about shaping outcomes which have positive influence on overall human progress to awaken people towards a cause, reinforcing concepts and uncovering properties of nature to raise overall consciousness of society toward superior state of living.  Mother Teresa’s service to the poorest of the poor, her obedience to the society and her obedience in faith is literally a marvel of discipline and rigor.  It is by the strength of God that she was given such obedience, and to God she devoted her life in service. The world may never see another person like her again in time and circumstances.  Race, color, or creed was never an issue in serving the “poorest of the poor” Rest in peace, Blessed Teresa of Calcutta.  Most assuredly there has to be a special place in Heaven for Mother
“If women would realize what an influence they have, they would be filled with pride.
   If men recognized how influential women are, they would be scared to death”

 

 

 

ENGAGING BUDDHISM IN LEADERSHIP?

 

Jeff Waistell,
 Principal Lecturer, Oxford Brookes University, UK

 

ABSTRACT

 

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the notion of spirituality by contrasting it with the philosophy of engaged Buddhism, and to draw out the latter’s implications for leadership.

Design/methodology/approach – Articles in Leadership Quarterly are critiqued in the light of Buddhist philosophy, with particular reference to the literature on engaged Buddhism.

Findings – The paper takes issue with previous assertions about spirituality, arguing that the term is individualistic, inaccessible and impossibly polyvalent, including a disparate array of individual definitions of an infinite, intangible and immeasurable realm. It is argued that spirituality is an impossible notion to comprehend, implement or research in the field of leadership. Following a critique of the ethereal language of spirituality, the paper proposes a more collective, grounded and practicable approach to managing change in the form of engaged Buddhist philosophy, whose non-dualism is contrasted with the dualistic concept of spirituality.

Practical implications – Engaged Buddhism is commensurate with the goals of leadership, being a philosophy of engagement, change and interdependence of both people and events. The paper illustrates how engaged Buddhism can inform key stages of the leadership process and suggests how it can change organizations, as well as itself.

Originality/value – Locating the debate on spirituality in the context of engaged Buddhist philosophy reveals that the former is too ethereal and dualistic a notion to apply to the process of leadership, while the latter is commensurate with and informs change leadership.

 

CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SPIRITUAL PERSPECTIVE
EAST MEETS WEST - WEST NEEDS EAST
An esoteric view on 5000 years of cultural history

Jens Schultzer

ABSTRACT

It is my belief that the same model of consciousness that applies to humans also applies to groups, businesses and cultures, because these entities consist of human beings that interact with each other.
Cultures are thus the visions of the people living in them as well as their consciousnesses and souls.
As we have a body but are a soul, so are cultures.
In other words, we can observe cultures as if they were individuals with a ”body” and a “soul”.

 

 

MEASURING INDIVIDUAL SPIRITUALITY AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Jaya Ahuja
Designation: Lecturer
Organization:Amity University, Noida
jmahuja@amity.edu, jayaahuja03@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT

Spirituality is about being positive towards self and other living beings. In recent years, spirituality as an approach is adopted by various organizations. Spirituality has emerged as an organizational issue. Spirituality can help an individual in stress management, better performance, work life balance, conflict resolution. This study examines the impact of spirituality on work life balance. An individual who has spiritual characteristics has an impact on its work life balance. Work life balance is the need of the hour. Individuals cannot cope up with stress which is due to an imbalance in personal and professional life. A practice of spirituality leads to a balance in work and family life. This study mainly focuses on measuring individual spirituality by using a questionnaire. A sample of 100 employees is taken from a software organization to measure spirituality. A separate questionnaire is designed to measure the work life balance of employees high at spirituality and those low at spirituality. This study aims at finding out the need for spirituality in the present scenario and its importance in balancing work and family.

THE POWER OF MIND : INTEGRATIVE THINKING BRANCH OUT  
Jayavenugopal
Director, Incert And Aims, Advisor – Shri Shankarlal Sundarbai Shasun Jain College for Women-Chennai  Email- pappujaya@gmail.com

                                                      
ABSTRACT       
Leading Spiritual Power  -Integrating Spirituality and Organizational Leadership are serving with divinity and dignity. This is possible due to self integrity. The other day when I was listening to our former president Dr. APJ  Abdul Kalam, in one of the management symposium on innovations and management , he made us repeat ‘ I will work with integrity and succeed with integrity.”  

Power with in -What is MIND Power  –  Mind power isn’t wishing, willing or imaging-  its’ being’.[ Nathan] Mind power is to make an automatic thought into reality generator. There are many strategies too like reverse thinking, positivism, universal power, control and beliefs. These techniques help you not to lose money or time on what that does not work again. Exploring, Experimenting and experiencing is good but expanding and employing what does not work is negative power of the mind. Reverse thinking will always take you further.Having our own power of mind is to start erasing our limits and barriers and move towards happiness forever.
Powers of mind are - Cause and Effect, Free Will, Focus, Sponsoring Thoughts, Individualization, Creation,  Emotion, Substitution, Mental Equivalents and Manifestation.
Creeping inside mind - The brain works in different ways. Thoughts like -I want to speed up my learning. I want to develop new ideas. I want to work with different kind of people. And  I need to understand complicated system and structure
Tony Buzan, the originator of Mind Maps...studied psychology, neuro-physiology, neuro-linguistics, semantics, information, perception and general sciences while understanding human mind. Mind mapping is to creep inside your mind, branch out each of the details.

 

SELF-PRESERVATION IN BOTH SIDES: A GROUNDED THEORY STUDY OF SPIRITUAL
Karimoalahi M
BSN, MSCN, PhD., School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil Medical Sciences University, Iran

Avedi H.A.,
BSN, MSCN, PhD., School of Nursing,, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran
ABSTRACT
Aim: The intend of this study was to make a deeper understanding of the factors that may slow down or press forward the concept of spiritual care within both nursing and health care in Iran.
Background: This manuscript presents a theory that emerged from a grounded theory research method. Knowing this theory may help all health care practitioners and organizations to move forward the concept of spiritual care within their own area of practice. This theory has been termed "self-preservation in both sides" because the study identified self-preservation in patients and nurses as barrier to the progression of spiritual care.
Design: Grounded theory uses simultaneous data collection and analysis with theoretical sampling to build up the emerging theory. This process, along with data analysis, substantive and theoretical coding led to the detection of a core category and the building of the theory.
Methods: Thirty-five participants were chosen and all consented to be interviewed. The sample included nurses (n 10), patients (n=22) and relatives (n=3). The inquiry was triangulated with observation to validate the emerging theory and the development of the model.
Results: This paper provides a model or framework termed 'self-preservation in both sides' that arose out of an empirical study. It raises awareness of some of the structural, managerial, cultural and individual concerns that may thwart the progression of spirituality within health care. The theory of self-preservation in both sides contained two main components: self-preservation in nurses and self-preservation in patients.
Conclusion: A vast has been written on the concepts of spirituality and spiritual care. yet, speaking alone will not take away some of the inherent barriers that are slowing down the improvement of the spiritual element in terms of theory and practice. Having knowledge of theory of ‘self-preservation in both sides’ may give a hand nurses and health care professionals to engage with and conquer variables that are influencing upon spiritual care.

SPIRITUALITY IN WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANAGEMENT
Kamran Janfeshan
Member of Scientific Board Kermanshah Azad University
Belal Panahy
Member of Scientific Board, Payam-e-noor University

Seid-Mehdi Veiseh
Ph.D.Student In Governmental Management, Payam-E-Noor University
&
Farideh Kamari
Member Of Ilam, Education And Student In Master Of Science Educational Technology

ABSTRACT
In the present era, successful organizations have undertaken new values and approaches, and due to these values have achieved more morality and success. People are also deeply interested in embracing morality, not only in their personal lives, but also in their career and other sections of life. When the society is packed with technology, communication, complication and instability, people show a tendency toward morality to fill the vacuity appeared in their lives, not only within their personal lives, but also within their career life, where they spend a good part of their time. Encouraging morality in work has some advantages for organizations. Morality at work results in creativity, honesty and trust, self-success, organization commitment, and better performance of the organization. When one feels the organization s/he works for is loyal to moral and humane values and respects its employees, s/he feels in agreement with the values of the organization and works for those values. The more a person is committed to morality, the more his/her creativity, mental and spiritual justice, moral and social justice, and managerial and ruling justice will be. People of values who, based on theism, believe in the origin of the human being and in the afterlife, consider themselves as responsible and answerable before God, their selves, society, and the world. This paper, in addition to giving a definition of morality, has studied morality at work from the viewpoint of different theorists, and the essence of morality from the viewpoint of religion and naturalism, and existentialism, and its correlation with important managerial and organizational variables.

 

LET THE LOWER BIRDS MEET THE GOLDEN ONE!

 

Komal Bharti
Preacher & Speaker, Divya Jyoti Jagrati Sansthan, Punjab

ABSTRACT
Once upon a time… the objective of Psychology was to place man only within the co-ordinates of his dark energies, negative instincts or mental-illnesses. Freud with his associates (Jung, Adler, Rank, etc.) defined an individual personality merely as the function of sensuality, pain, death, and id impulses. However, then, in 1950s, dawned a new era of 'Humanism' founded by Abraham Maslow and supported by Carl Rogers and many others. With the emergence of humanistic psychology as the “the third force”, it was recognized that human being is not just the subsets of downbeat forces, rather he is inherently the possessor of incredible potentials. He can be the self-actualizer, who can dynamically harness his best potentials, abilities and become the “peak performer” or fully functioning person striking for an effective leadership. This was indeed a paradigm shift in the arena of psycho-research as the researchers shifted their focus towards the brilliant axis of human character from the dark and dreary side, making psychology not just a therapeutic or curative affair but a procreative and developmental science.
However, listening to this positive clarion call of humanists or positive psychology, if one poor chap strives out to actualize his self, he finds himself on a pathless juncture leading to nowhere. One finds not a single practically implementable model to realize his SELF and the indomitable potential lying within him. Humanists like Carl Rogers have outlined self-actualization as the function of dozens of moral keywords like, be empathetic, be unconditionally positive and caring, follow non-interference etc. But, these tenets are no less than the wool-gatherings of a philosopher, highly idealistic, which seem not to be the 'cause' of Self-actualization, but the 'effect' of it!
This analysis hangs a Question mark seeking a pragmatic technique of Self-actualization for an effective leadership, to which the paper thoroughly answers through 'an Upanishadic model of two birds' and 'Self-realization co-ordinate system'– all expressed in technical lingo. Finally, through this paper, the organization (Divya Jyoti Jagrati Sansthan), under the able guidance of its mystical leader, His Holiness Sh. Ashutosh Maharaj Ji, also offers a set of living testimonials proving the credibility of THE MODEL of self-realization, a tool to awaken your innate potential, integrated and rational thinking, essential for an effective leadership. 

 

LEAN, SPIRITUALITY, AND PHYSICS
Len Tischler, Ph.D.
Management/Marketing Department, Kania School of Management, University of Scranton, USA
len.tischler@scranton.edu

 

ABSTRACT

Successful Lean management isn’t just a set of tools to reduce waste.  It’s a way of seeing and thinking that’s embedded in the organization’s culture.  To create that way of seeing and thinking and to transform an organization into a Lean organization for the long term, Lean management needs to be understood in terms of three core principles. 

These principles are a focus on the highest good, on growth for everyone involved, and on systemic efficiency.  These are parallel to principles of physics (nature) and spiritual development. 

 

HUMAN NATURE MIGHT BE CHANGING:
FROM MODERNIZED CAVEMEN TO INTERCONNECTED, CREATIVE BEINGS

Len Tischler, Ph.D.
Management/Marketing Department, Kania School of Management, University of Scranton, USA
len.tischler@scranton.edu

ABSTRACT

 

This paper looks at changes in human and organizational behavior in businesses in developed economies that appear to indicate a growing sea change in how humans act and interact.  It looks at historical patterns that presage such changes and some of the underlying dynamics of these changes.  These changes indicate a rising new style and focus of leadership and might be a harbinger of a change in human nature. 

The paper focuses on several areas of change with a major emphasis on the evolution of the treatment of employees in work organizations.  Other topics include the growth of participation and interdependence, diversity, new management skills and attitudes, new ways of organizing, and a new understanding of the engine of economic and business growth.  The paper ends by demonstrates that these changes are parallel to changes when an individual undergoes spiritual growth. 

 

A RAY OF LIGHT: SPIRITUALITY IN SECONDARY EDUCATION

Malika Huseinali Sayani
Civilization Institute of Education, University of London,

ABSTRACT
Spirituality is not another name for religious education (RE), but it has become prominent in the field of education thought recently both because of important changes in RE and because spiritual development is expressly called for in the 1988 Education Act. This paper illustrates how Muslim literature can play a major role in facilitating adolescent’s spiritual development. Examples in the paper are used from the Muslim literature to illustrate the seminal value of this genre and teaching methodology in fostering spiritual reflection and growth. The link between literature and spirituality is examined with reference to writers in the field of spirituality. In this article the author has begun to explore spirituality through the vision of the Muslim literature. In particular, she wants to see opportunities of spirituality developed across the Muslim literature, and puts forward suggestions for doing this. Spirituality has found a reference field of its own largely because of authors and poets like Attar and Rumi, whose literary pieces have mysticism embedded in symbolism. ‘Spiritual’ aspects have existed for centuries within all religions, and many would say they constitute the core of the same. Literature review reveals that educationalists are borrowing spiritual exercises and techniques from established faith traditions around the world and re-applying them to classroom practice within a humanistic framework. Finally, Muslim literatures are reported to illustrate conclusions drawn concerning spirituality in the education of the whole person.

SPIRITUALITY : AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AMONG EMPLOYEES OF IT SECTOR

Manisha Vijayran
Asstt. Professor – HR, Era Business School, Sec-9, Dwarka,New Delhi

ABSTRACT

Spirituality is a buzzword these-a-day in every area whether it is production, human resource, finance, marketing, operations or Information technology. The present paper attempts to determine the degree of spirituality among 100 employees (50 NorthIndians and 50 South Indians) of an IT company . A 48-item Life Attitude Profile-Revised (LAP-R) questionnaire which was originally developed by Reker and Peacock (1981) has been used in the study for all the respondents.
T-test for equality of means is conducted on all data using SPSS' to determine the difference between degrees of spirituality as expressed by North and South Indian males and females.

 

THE POWER OF OUR INTUITION
Miriam Subirana
Director Yesouisi. Barcelona, Spain
mira@miriamsubirana.com

ABSTRACT

We call the capacity to use and understand the creative inner language intuition.
Our intuition is the key to our personal creativity. It can help us to keep going in moments of uncertainty. It connects us to our inner compass. The wisdom of our intuition offers us a true guide. The intuition is the faculty of an awakened consciousness.
With the intuition you don’t enter into the process of analyzing, doubting, intellectualizing, or questioning. Because of this, in situations of uncertainty and chaos, it helps you. With the intuition you make a rapid and precise evaluation. It is like seeing it and clicking. That’s it!
Our intuition and creativity align with our purpose and generosity, and what we do has an impact, it renews, it generates trust and hope.
The intuition is the strength of the pioneer, the inspiration of the genius, the splendor of the creator, both in Art and Science, in Religion and Philosophy, in Politics or in any other field that the effort can be made towards knowledge, for progress, for creativity, for perfecting and for service to the general good. An enormous list of the greatest figures in the history of humanity has left it expressly confirmed that intuition was the inspiring light that opened the way towards the most important of their works.
To become truly intuitive is the result of a long and persistent evolutionary effort that presupposes a great previous personal, spiritual, mental, intellectual and emotional development, not only on concrete levels but also in the more subtle ones.

 

INCULCATING SPIRITUALITY IN TOMORROW’S TECHNOCRATS
Mayank Aggarwal
Faculty, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar
uormayank@yahoo.com.

Jyotirmay Dutta
Faculty, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar
dutta_jyotirmoy@hotmail.com

INTRODUCTION
"A sense of spiritualism must be inculcated in the minds of young boys and girls if the country were to enjoy the fruits of development through information technology and computers", urged K. Ethirajulu, principal, Pondicherry Engineering College.
The spiritual poverty of our contemporary engineering education system provides few opportunities for today's youth to quench their deep thirst for meaning and wholeness. Misguided or unconscious attempts by students to attain some sense of fulfillment often result in varying degrees of addictive behavior toward activities, substances or relationships - all of which make teaching and learning difficult, if not impossible.
The compulsive or reckless activity, substance abuse, and empty sexuality can result from students trying to escape the pain of an inner emptiness. In the classroom this can manifest as lack of interest, lack of self-worth, lack of compassion, lack of self-discipline and lack of spirit.

 

 

THE CORPORATE DILEMMA: GREED V/S GOODNESS

Meeta Joshi
Marwadi education foundation group of institutes, Rajkot

ABSTRACT
Oh, what a tangled web we weave
When first we practise to deceive!
(Sir Walter Scott, Marmion, Canto VI)
In the wake of dishonest practices by Enron, WorldCom, Global Crossing, Xerox, Qwest, Arthur Andersen, and Merck many people are asking how people believed to be so well educated and leaders in corporate world lacked the moral courage to seek and state the truth. Business Ethics has been thrown to the side as a Wild-Wild-West form of capitalism has taken hold on our corporate leaders. This corporate malfeasance has costs thousands of jobs, trillions of dollars in stockholder value, and skepticism of our once revered free economic system. The world has taken a decisive tilt towards a competitive market economy. In a highly competitive environment, is it possible for business organizations to attempt anything except profit maximization? Is it desirable for them to strive for goodness, in terms of ethics, compassion, corporate social responsibility, and philanthropy, and not just profit maximization? Is it profitable to do so? If it is possible for corporations to be both greedy and good, human civilization? In the emerging social Darwinist scenario, do corporations have any choice but to yoke all their talents, resources and energy to profit maximization. Skeletons tumbling out of corporate closets over the past few years have led to a general erosion of trust in business globally. The world over, CSR stems from a commitment to the society in which a business operates. In India, it has been traditionally linked to spirituality, while respect in the corporate world has been treated on a par with the bottom line. As the need for CSR finds wider recognition, it is worth examining the Indian foundation for trust. The question is: Can’t we retain the enormous productivity and innovativeness of a globalized market economy and the profit motive, and avoid its poisonous fumes? Yes, “we can” , rather I should translate it as “we must”. This is a time of shifting paradigms and puzzling this paradox of dilemma by institualization of spirituality at work place.

 

 

EMOTIONS AND LEADERSHIP

Meike Siebert-Adzic
Engineering and System Design, University Kassel, Germany
siebert-adzic@uni-kassel.de

ABSTRACT

In organizational context high costs are caused by employees’ absence from work.
One very important reason for that are psychological illnesses beneath other symptoms like back disease or injuries of skeletal muscles. The number of psychological illnesses has been rising permanently in the last years (AOK Presse-Information 2009).
In this coherence the manager’s leadership behavior and the relationship ‘leader-employee” is more and more focused (Barmer Gesundheitsreport 2008). Research results have made clear that emotions caused by leadership behavior influence the well-being and health of employees (Wieland/Winizuk/Hammes, 2009, Fischbach 2009, Linton 2001, Mühlpfordt/Richter 2003).
The research context of the planed study will focus on “hidden leadership guidelines” as system principles as reasons for employees’ (negative) emotions caused by managers.
These principles from systemic perspective (Horn/Brick 2006, Green 2008) describe
a) appraisal, b) affiliation, c) balance of “giving and taking”, d) system order, e) priority by competence and f) priority by responsibility as aspects which are considered in other systemic constellations (family systems, relationship systems) as reasons for (negative) emotions and thus as possible causes for psychological or physical effects.
This study will analyze the influence and impact of these aspects in organizational work context and it will show first results of an interview survey.
Moreover it will focus on the (physical and psychological) effects of emotions in context with perception and handling of emotions especially under consideration of neuroticism.
Concluding the planed study will explain the method of “management constellation” (Rosselet et al.
2009, Horn/Brick 2005) in organizations as a method to clarify the connection between system principles and a conspicuous inner organizational situation. In the sense of coaching or change processes it can be used to demonstrate possible solutions.

 

MINDFULNESS MEDITATION AND CONFLICT:  HELPING LEADERS OVERCOME DEFENSIVE BEHAVIORS THROUGH BARE ATTENTION
Michael DeWilde
Director, Business Ethics Center, Seidman College of Business, USA
dewildem@gvsu.edu     

ABSTRACT   

In its 2004 report Ethics Education in Business Schools the Association for the Advancement of Colleges and Schools of Business (aascb) declared that “supervisors demonstrate ethical leadership through being open, fair, trustworthy, and caring with employees; by communicating about ethics and values; by role modeling ethical conduct; by focusing on means as well as ends in reward systems; and by disciplining unethical conduct when it occurs.”  This is a remarkable call, and to be applauded, but many of us think the means suggested to cultivate these admirable traits and actions are quite likely to fall short.  Conventional ethics courses are good as far as they go, but restricting oneself to normative reasoning, or a survey of case studies, or even a review of the growing literature on moral psychology, is not enough to help aspiring business leaders mange the very real internal and external conflicts they will and do experience in their professional lives.
To help “smart people learn,” as Chris Argyris might say, or to “turn our attention to the individual within the organization,” as Michael Jansen argues we now must, requires, both in the classroom and in our consulting, a more robust, spiritually informed approach.  In the paper I am proposing I draw on the work of authors and practitioners like Dr. Mark Epstein, Pema Chodren, Jon Kabat-Zinn, the Dalai Lama and others to advance the notion that if we wish our business leaders to be able to fully embrace the aacsb’s requirements – if we wish them to have the capacity for the virtues that accrediting body  prescribes – then we must go beyond intellectual and even psychological work to include teaching on mindfulness. 
My own work as a professor and business consultant over the past 15 years has led me to agree with Argyris that defensiveness (or, on one Buddhist reading, ego-attachment) may well be the greatest stumbling block organizations face as they attempt to live out their values and missions on a day-to-day basis.  “Bare attention,” a practice informed by a long history in more than one Buddhist tradition, holds out the hope not so much that all conflict can be overcome, but rather that conflict, as it arises, can be experienced in progressively non-defensive ways, thus promoting real listening and attentiveness, two of the hallmarks of an effective leader.

 

IN PURSUIT OF THE “REAL IT” IN CONSULTING
 
Michael Zirkler
School of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland
michael.zirkler@zhaw.ch or michael@zirkler.ch
ABSTRACT
This conference contribution is about an empirical study in the field of the so called “systemic” organizational consulting business. Its target is building a (qualitative) model and formulating a theory of practice, respectively, on what is “really” going on, when consultants and clients “do” consulting.
According to our findings, consulting operates thematically in a strange oscillation that is well known in mathematics for instance as the Möbiusband (moebius strip): starting at one side of the strip one will come inevitably to the other side just by heading forward in one direction. What is separated in the usual western (aristotelian) style of observing and describing better could be conceived as one and the same; it is closely related.
Consultants describe the “real it” in their work as something that is more divined, sensed or felt than really known in an epistemic or scientifically way (one reaches the edge of what could be expressed in human language here). Consulting hence needs to operate in a non-dualistic mode in order to work with the complexity the clients' system “really” has. It must, for instance, accept customers' description of problems and their picture of solutions, which together convene in the way the client awards a contract. By the same time consulting has to “negotiate” the clients' point of view and bringing up different perspectives, because it “knows” that there are more and different things than what the client could or would say. This knowledge is a knowledge of the “third kind” (according to John Shotters' term) and points to aesthetic categories in order to “grasp” the wholeness of what is going on in consulting.

 

IDENTIFYING VALUE-BASED ORGANIZATIONS
 
Mohammad-Ali Sarlak
Lecturer and member of Scientific board, Payam-E-Noor University, Tehran

Sayed-Mahdi Viseh
PhD Student, Governmental Management,  Payam-E-Noor University, Tehran
&
Abd-al-samad Khadamy
PhD Student, Governmental Management,  Payam-E-Noor University, Tehran

 

 ABSTRACT

Owing to the day-by-day development of technology, global communication, and information networks, the dynamicity of investment and work forces has increased and the organizations such as join stock companies have no choice but to a new organizing era. Value-based organizations are one of the newest forms of today's organizations in which customers are as affecting the production and providing services, working and process strategies, and developing knowledge and competitive power, alongside with the members. "The organizations are always looking for the new methods and creating innovation, and they even name the value of the customer as their 'future source of competitive advantage'" (Kandampully & Khahn, 2004, p.398). Management based on value and value-based organizations are now affecting today's organizations, and values are regarded to be an undeniable source of competitive advantage. Hence, effectively managing the relationship with the customer, and creating and presenting values are the main mission of such organizations. This paper is attempting to provide a definition for the concept of value, and discuss the nature, their features and aspects, the importance, the advantages, key factors in their success, the phases of creating a value-based organization, expanding the values, the future of such organizations, their challenges, and also the role of the leaders in institutionalizing the values.

INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL AND TRANSACTIONAL STYLE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP (A CASE STUDY IN AN  IRANIAN ORGANIZATION)
Mojtaba Rafiei
Assistant Professor in Markazi State PNU, Iran
Email: m_rafiei@pnu.ac.ir
Mohammad Mousavi
Assistant professor in Khorasan Razavi state PNU, Iran
Email: mmosavi@gmail.com

Zahra Mohammadi
Islamic Azad university of Arak . Iran

ABSTRACT
The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of transformational and transactional leadership styles on the managers' effectiveness in Education   office of Shazand Province. This study is done by using descriptive-correlative designs. Statistical population includes all employees in Education of Shazand Province which involves four unites of Iranian cities such as Mohajeran, Shazand, Toreh and Astaneh  in 2010.  By the use of multi-level random sampling, 120 people were selected as samples and 100 questionnaires were analyzed and interpreted. Instruments of gathering the data consist of two questionnaires: 1). Questionnaire of transformational and transactional leadership method with .873 coefficient of reliability. 2). Questionnaires of the managers' effectiveness with .928 coefficient of reliability that had been measured by Coronbaqh alpha formula. Analyzing and interpreting of the data had been done at two descriptive and inferential levels. At descriptive level, statistical indexes like frequency, average, and standard deviation were used and at inferential level, in consideration of the normality of mark distribution, terms such as coefficient of correlation, coefficient of determination, multivariable regression, and variance analysis were used. Research findings show that exchange leadership style  has a direct relation with the managers' effectiveness, while transformational leadership has a reversal relation with the managers' effectiveness. There is a meaningful relation and positive correlation between probable award, job satisfaction, entrustment of power, way of control and management and the managers' effectiveness, whereas there is no meaningful relation between responsibility, standards and the managers' effectiveness.

 

INTEGRATIVE THINKING: THE VIEW FROM COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Munish Tiwari
Asst Prof., Anand Engg College

 

ABSTRACT
We establish and formulate some disciplinary foundations for the study of integrative thinking, drawn from studies of individual perception, memory, cognition, intuition, meta-cognition and situational reasoning. We summarize a large-scale research program in cognitive and social psychology that has firmly established the occurrence, prevalence and resilience of ‘counter-integrative’ tendencies in thinking – such as sub-optimal convergence to early cognitive commitments to ideas, perceptions and models and tendencies to preserve such sub-optimal commitments in the face of strong refuting signals. We unveil the logical structure of this research program and highlight the often hidden assumptions on which its largely pessimistic conclusions are predicated in ‘counterpoint’ sections throughout the document. We articulate opportunities for research (‘Research Questions: RQ’) that should lead to the articulation of both selection criteria for individuals more likely than others to overcome the counter-integrative proclivities of their own minds through training and the design of interventions meant to produce integrative patterns of thinking and ways of being

 

 

A DESIGN THINKER’S PERSONALITY
Munish Tiwari
Asst Prof., Anand Engg College
ABSTRACT
Contrary to popular opinion, you don’t need weird shoes or a black turtleneck to be a design thinker. Nor are design thinkers necessarily created only by design schools, even though most professionals have had some kind of design training. My experience is that many people outside professional design have a natural aptitude for design thinking, which the right development and experiences can unlock. Here, as a starting point, are some of the characteristics to look for in design thinkers:
Empathy.
They can imagine the world from multiple perspectives—those of colleagues, clients, end users, and customers (current and prospective). By taking a “people first” approach, design thinkers can imagine solutions that are inherently desirable and meet explicit or latent needs. Great design thinkers observe the world in minute detail. They notice things that others do not and use their insights to inspire innovation.
Integrative thinking.
They not only rely on analytical processes (those that produce either/ or choices) but also exhibit the ability to see all of the salient—and sometimes contradictory— aspects of a confounding problem and create novel solutions that go beyond and dramatically improve on existing alternatives.
Optimism.
They assume that no matter how challenging the constraints of a given problem, at least one potential solution is better than the existing alternatives.
Experimentalism.
Significant innovations don’t come from incremental tweaks. Design thinkers pose questions and explore constraints in creative ways that proceed in entirely new directions.
Collaboration.
The increasing complexity of products, services, and experiences has replaced the myth of the lone creative genius with the reality of the enthusiastic interdisciplinary collaborator. The best design thinkers don’t simply work alongside other disciplines; many of them have significant experience in more than one

 

 

 

 

THE NEW AGE CHALLENGES OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF INNOVATION: WHY WE NEED INTEGRATIVE THINKING
Nishiganda Bhuyan
Assistant Professor, General Management, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad

Necessity is the mother of all Innovation - well said. However, at this juncture of time this proverbial expression does not sound quite so appropriate. Rather, what seems more appropriate is to say that “innovation is increasing the circumference of human necessity”. This tendency of increasing human necessity is posing various challenges to the cosmic order (Rta, ऋतं). The challenge is not only that the worldly resources are falling sort of growing human requirements. The greater challenge is predicting and managing the palpable muddle in the future human living condition created by the best of innovations. The present society has already been experiencing many challenges resulting from some of the best of human innovations. It is paradoxical as well as ironical that the very purpose of innovations is that of being able to keep such challenges at bay.  
The most intelligent creations of God are restlessly using their power of intellect in the creation of conditions of convenient material living. Innovations in the domain of science and technology have facilitated all kinds of human material necessity: health, wealth, pleasure. Mobile technologies and the World Wide Web have been able to cut through physical distance altogether. Innovations have definitely facilitated human cooperation, coordination, and development of human living on a global scale. The benefits of social cooperation are plenty, so much so that one can now conceive of the possibility of wiping out all forms human suffering.  Notwithstanding such spectacular progress, voices of scepticism are also being raised about the direction of development. Developments in genetic engineering, biotechnology and nanotechnology are likely to bring about civilizational change of an unprecedented kind. And the imminent change has become a matter of serious ethical concern. Can we integrate the developments in these fields into our social existence with ease and immediacy? This question of integration is most crucial because once one particular technology is integrated into social living, it is virtually impossible to disintegrate the technology from society even in view of adverse consequences. It can only be substituted by a better technology. How is this technology going to shape the future living condition of human beings? Can we affect our future by choosing technologies? Is proactive ethics a solution to the rising concerns?
It seems as though it is high time we put checks and balances to our creativity, lest our creativity destroy the very purpose of creation. It is high time that the mind of present humanity truly understands the sustainability of a human civilization. This paper attempts to reflect on the nature of this understanding of human existence, and relates that understanding to the very engagement of the spirit of innovation with reference to the ancient Indian concept of Purusarthas: dharma, artha, kama and moksha, i.e., moral value, economic value, vital value and eternal value.

 

 

EXPLORING THE LIVES OF RELIGIOUS CHARACTERS FOR MANAGEMENT EDUCATION

Nagarajarao, Karanam,
Faculty, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad
E-Mail: karanam.rao@gmail.com, nagaraja@ediindia.org
.

ABSTRACT
 
Management education deals with a body of knowledge dealing with managing resources for optimum use under varied situations and working environments with the ultimate object of maximizing satisfaction for all stake holders. Of late the dominant intellectual thought began to perceive that spirituality has to be integrated with management courses for the holistic development of the human potential and to make the global manager socially responsive and environmentally friendly. The managerial concepts need to be molded in a fashion for churning out a comprehensive personality capable of fusing analytical intelligence, emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence. The characters from religious scriptures are of immense value for drawing inferences and building up case studies.  An attempt is made in the article to cull out popular characters of major religions for intensive study and exploring possibilities to build case studies for managerial education with a view to ensure that the managers can relate the case studies to the common work force at their working environments

 

DRAWING FROM SPIRITUALITY FOR BETTER LEADERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS

Nagarajarao, Karanam,
Faculty, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad
E-Mail ID: karanam.rao@gmail.com, nagaraja@ediindia.org

Kumar Mukul
EDI, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India,

Kumari Ruchi
IIMA, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

 

ABSTRACT

Spirituality has been a source of strength for people in distress but rarely looked up as an business accessory. But recent developments in the competitive business world suggest that there is a re-consideration for the need for spirituality in this arena as well. Leadership has to consider spirituality while framing any strategy in times to come. While some may see it as a carryover from earlier work performed by human resource leaders in some ways but obviously there is much more than just humane concern of early days. Morality, ethics, values, empathy, peace will be as important as balance sheet, growth, talent management, performance appraisal and compensation. In this regard it becomes critical for strategic management to conduct a periodic assessment of the spiritual leadership to identify issues for organizational transformation and development interventions. But here lies the problem of ‘how to assess something like spiritual practices of a leader/organization which is till now best understood as subjective individual practice” and that is the challenge prudent leaders of today have to accept to reap the rewards of spirituality and to integrate spiritual guidelines as an inseparable part of leadership strategy. That is how spirituality at workplace will achieve its rightful place and yield results.

DESIGN EDUCATION

 

Nanubhai.D.Desai
B.Sc., B.E.(Mech.& Elect.), I.I.M.A Vastrapur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Trupti Utpal
Director –Shah Investors Home Ltd. Ahmedabad,Gujrat

ABSTRACT

             Definition: Design varies with the type of education, such as education for academy, engineering, law, fine arts, commerce, medicine, politics etc. etc but it is engineered in our metaphysical components within us only; they are mind located in our head, heart located in the right side of our chest, intellect metaphysically composed of (and located in the head), intelligence, in combination of memories of our past incarnations including the present life span as well and the souls( mortal & eternal as the witness).It is therefore essential to get to know this metaphysical  complex thoroughly , for its fruitful utilization /exploitation for its study through out our life.
Our Vedanta says so that the study of our mind etc. will surely enable us for taking up with guaranteed success, any discipline, as stated above for its perfection. Reference : Gita chapter10 /verse 32  wherein the Almighty Him self states to Arjuna i.e. all of us -“ Under the ethics and   the proverbs’ hurt never, help ever; work is worship, live& let live; love & let love’-” This is possible only with our perpetually sustained sincere and honest, activities with ‘value based functions’ and never ’impulse based activities at all’ Besides, this philosophy is not just of the Vedanta but it is also equally professed in all other religions –Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, and also in  Communism, Maoism and Naxalism.
This is the opportune time for our all out efforts with perseverance to reorient our selves from the ‘impulse based functions’ to that of ‘value based ones’ and so dilute or minimize the cruelty of the ‘Nature-Almighty’ that is being experienced by us every where in the world through  the variety and exponentially aggravating intensity of disasters- earth quakes, tsunami, volcanoes ,global  warming & the like. The ‘Nature ‘takes Its corrective toll of action in reply to our all misdeeds as stated hereto before.
We have its solution from the H.R.D. with Yogasanas which are far superior to the prevalent ‘aerobics and     workouts’; not only that but cheaper, time conscious, without any age/sex bars with added advantage of tuning both body and the mind simultaneously.

 

INTEGRATING SPIRITUALITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

Neha Saxena
Formerly, Ex-Assistant Professor for Political Science, College of Legal Studies University Of Petroleum & Energy Studies
Email1: neha30969@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Management has become a challenging task in today’s world. World is becoming a large global village. Present global business scenario is distinguished by high levels of turbulent changes, uncertainty, and keen competition. Today’s manager has to keep pace not only with the changing environment but also to be in touch with expanding horizons of knowledge in his respective managerial area. He has to accomplish so many things in target time and to deal with so many people within and outside the organization. This creates stress and tension which sometimes becomes difficult to manage and expresses itself into various kinds of diseases. Western management philosophy may have created prosperity – for some people some of the time at least - but it has failed in the aim of ensuring betterment of individual life and social welfare. Management education, as it is currently organized, has been (justifiably) criticized on the grounds that it is heavily weighted in the transmission of a combination of information and knowledge at the expense of neglecting the formation of emotionally stable, socially sensitive and environmentally responsible individuals. There is a growing body of opinion in contemporary literature that opines that education in management is one sided, excessively intellect driven and does not do enough to produce well-rounded individuals. From the general belief that analytical intelligence was the sole indication of good performance, educators began to acknowledge, in the 1990s, the critical importance of emotional intelligence. But the picture is still far from complete. The present paper attempts to discuss that if analytical intelligence contributed to providing aspiring managers with professional skills and emotional intelligence, equipped them by providing them with life skills, was there another form of intelligence that could provide them with foundation skills that could equip them to deal with paradoxes, contradictions, conflict and ambiguity?

 

Pareto + Spirituality = Enhanced Human Potential

Nidhi Jain
Ph.D. Student, University of Dehi, Delhi

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a new model to Enhance Human Potential. The model is based on the fusion of Pareto Rule and Spirituality. Pareto Rule was discovered by an Italian economist Sir Vilfredo Pareto. The rule states that 80% of the results are the outcome of 20% of the activities. Till now this rule has been widely applied in work-places. However, we have applied it to the human potential. Through examples, observations, studies, and instances we have proved that every individual has one or the other extraordinary potential. Pareto Rule advocates man must identify this unique potential of his and work to cultivate it so as to have maximum output; rather than, focusing on all the minor potentials and gaining minimum results. The need is to tap this exceptional potential and maximize the quality of life. Mathematically also the model has been put up with an objective function and constraints. The objective function is the human potential that is to be maximized with respect to the constraints of time, cost, energy and efforts.   The paper proposes spirituality as the tool to obtain the optimal solution of this problem. For, spirituality can only bestow the man with discrimination power to identify his potential and then the requisite zeal, courage, dedication, dynamism to enhance and cultivate it so as to accomplish the goal. Spirituality increases activity in the left prefrontal cortex, which is associated with concentration, planning, meta-cognition (thinking about thinking), positive affect (good feelings) and many other desired traits to enhance human potential is illustrated through studies and empirical data.
I, as a volunteer of Divya Jyoti Jagrati Sansthan (DJJS), have been a privileged witness to this saga of potential realization and enhancement through meditation (Brahm Gyan). By the grace of His Holiness Ashutosh Maharaj Ji, the organization itself has millions of living and documented testimonies to corroborate the miraculous effect of this supernal knowledge, which it has been endowing to people since 20 years. On witnessing and experiencing this panorama of real-change, I decided to take spirituality as the prime solution to enhance human potential and hence, it is the keyword of my paper

 

 

POWER OF MIND – INTEGRATIVE THINKING USING MIND POWER FOR INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Nimesh Varma
Tata Consultancy Services, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Binu Raj
HR Head  – Global Delivery Network (GNDM), Tata Consultancy Services Ltd

ABSTRACT

The paper is aimed at understanding how we as individuals can use the mind to develop the self, organization and the society. The paper also helps us to understand the different types of mind. It helps us to understand the role and functions of the types of minds.

Though, broadly there are two types of minds – conscious and subconscious, the paper also examines the relevance and presence of spiritual mind. Spiritual mind can be examined in form of divine consciousness.
The paper also examines the role and functions of the conscious and subconscious minds. When we understand the role and function of these types of mind we get clarity on how we act and react at various given incidents. The ways we react to these situations ultimate decide our mental temperament.
Mind has unlimited potential and rarely these are utilized by most of us, this is because we are ignorant of the mind power. The paper examines how the concept of “Mind Power” can be utilized and also examines how this has been successfully implemented within TCS as an organization. It also examines how this power can benefit the individual and the organization. It also examines how productivity and employability can be enhanced at workplace. This paper also examines how concepts of spirituality can be integrated with the fundamentals of mind power and healing. It also examines how teams can be built, motivated and synergized towards a common and broad objective.
It examines how value systems can be implemented, enhanced and boost the morale of individuals at workplace.
By implementing simple techniques organizations can inculcate leadership driven value systems and understand how these help integral learning and development of individuals. This in turn helps their projects, organizations and society at large. The effective utilization of mind when integrated with spirituality enhances the efficiency and helps people to think positively.

 

TEACHING THE SPIRIT: A STUDY OF SPIRITUALITY AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS IN BUSINESS SCHOOLS AND EXECUTIVE EDUCATION CENTERS: COMPARISON AND A CASE STUDY.

Ora Setter, Ph.D.
Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
&
 Tova Averbuch
Oganim, Tel Aviv, Israel

ABSTRACT
The business world is perceived as inherently opposed to the spiritual domain. Empathize on stockholders revenues, loyalty only to the company, focus on immediate financial results that are presented in quarterly reports, the assumption that greed is the main motivating power, and the cynical use of people to achieve these objectives, all these make the spiritual principles of love, compassion, giving, faith etc. seem  irrelevant to this world,  or maybe just naïve.
However, in the last few years there is a trend, around the world, of bringing the spiritual into the business world. A large number of research articles published in A raged journals found out that there is a need for spirituality in the workplace, and that there are positive correlations between spirituality in business and financial, operational and human results. Spiritual discourse has pervaded the business world, with concepts as values, mission, vision, mindfulness etc.
As part of this trend, more and more business schools and executive education institutes are introducing programs that integrate these two so apparently different worlds. The numbers are still not so large as in medical schools or education, but they are getting more recognition and legitimating as main stream topics and research areas. 
In our presentation we will  survey the literature of teaching spiritualiy in management or in business, both through empirical research, normative articles, critical articles, and several syllabi send to us. We will compare some areas:

1. How is spirituality defined and conceptualized by both teachers and researchers.
2. What are the overt and covert objectives of the programs
3. What are the principles guiding the teachers
4. What are the main topics learned
5. What are the processes used to teach, and how "spiritual" are they.
6.  How do the teachers present different spiritual traditions
7.  What are the dilemmas, fears and dangers teachers are confronting
8. What are the implications of the programs on students, teachers and organizations.  

DOES WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY MITIGATE THE INTENTION OF EMPLOYEES TO ENGAGE IN ORGANIZATIONAL MISBEHAVIOR? AN INITIAL RESEARCH AGENDA

Ely weitz, Ph.D
Labor Studies Department, Faculty Of Social Studies, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
eweitz@post.tau.ac.il

Yoav Vardi
Labor Studies Department, Faculty Of Social Studies, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
yvardi@post.tau.ac.il

Ora Setter, Ph.D.
Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Email : setter@post.tau.ac.il

ABSTRACT

During the last decade we have witnessed an increasing interest in the spiritual dimensions of work.  Along side this emerging interest in workplace spirituality, there is an ever-growing interest in organization misbehavior (OMB).   In this presentation we would like to offer a research agenda exploring the two concepts.   Current research into spirituality, while using varied definitions for it, indicates a clear relationship between both personal and organizational spirituality and positive organizational attitudinal, behavior, and performance measures.   We argue that that spirituality, at both the personal and organizational levels, can mitigate or curtail the intention to misbehave at work, or to moderate the relationship between selected workplace antecedents of misbehavior and the intention for organizational misbehavior.   First, we examine the concept of spirituality as it lates to the workplace, then we explore the phenomena of OMB and postulate as to the relationship between the two concepts. Empirical results will be presented.
INTEGRATING RATIONALITY AND SPIRITUALITY IN LEADERSHIP
Peter Pruzan
Department of Management, Politics & Philosophy
Copenhagen Business School,
ABSTRACT
The article presents a broad brush picture of an evolution in the theory and practice of leadership where there is explicit recognition of the vital role that spirituality can play at the individual and organizational level. Many corporate leaders in the knowledge society often experience pressure, both from their conscience and their organizations, to expand their perspectives on organizational and personal success with respect to those delivered by classical economic rationale. Leadership that integrates the individual’s spirituality and rationality, referred to here as Spiritual-based Leadership’ (SBL), can contribute to meeting that need for a more inclusive leadership optics. Even though the concept of SBL is not yet part of modern leadership vocabulary nor included in mainstream MBA syllabi, it is nevertheless a perspective that can significantly contribute to the individual leader’s insight into his or her leadership and to both personal and professional success.
Its foundation is the leader’s search for meaning, purpose and self-knowledge, based on one’s own spirituality. In an organizational context, it refers to an evolving international culture where rationality and spirituality are integrated and where a corporation and its leaders orient themselves based on broader and more firmly based frameworks for the organization’s – and the individual leader’s – identity, purpose, visions and success.
Based on reflections as to the term ‘spirituality’ and the results of an international research project, SBL is presented as an overall perspective on other newer approaches to leadership, including business ethics, values-leadership, corporate social responsibility and sustainability. The article concludes with reflections as to the relationship between spirituality and religion and as to why SBL is winning acceptance as an important framework for the theory and practice of leadership. An appendix provides an overview as to the evolution of SBL since the 1990s.

 

 

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK ETHICS
(A CASE PREMISE TO HIMACHAL EXICOM COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED, SOLAN (H.P.)

ABSTRACT
Organizational Culture and work Ethics play a significant role in the effective functioning of the organization. Ethical values and beliefs being the essential components of the organizational culture, determine the employees’ effectiveness and efficiency to a large extent.  By keeping in view the indispensability of the same, this research paper has been focused on various ethical issues structuring the overall results of organization. In order to have an empirical view of the subject , a well reputed firm of Himachal Pradesh has been chosen who witnessed a history of various ups and downs in its organizational growth.
The research paper mainly studied the existing organizational culture of the company concern and further found out the work ethics of the employees working in the organization under study. Moreover found out the relationship between selected socio-personal characteristics and organizational culture. And finally , determined the extent to which the work ethics/values vary among the mangers and their subordinates.
For material and method concern a large sample was drawn at managerial and operational level of the concerned organization with the help of well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. The existing Organizational culture has been identified on five formulated criteria’s (Purpose, Performance, Content, Decision and Leadership). Work Ethics/ Values has been measured through a five point Likert scale and further tested by Krushkal Wallis Test to know the significant difference in work ethics at different organizational levels.
On the given study, research paper has highlighted various suggestive issues and has also placed various organizational pertained recommendations on strengthening the organizational value based work culture.

 

TAGORE’S MYSTICISM AND SPIRITUALISM

Priyanka Vaidya
Assistant Professor, Govt. P.G. College, Nalagarh Distt. - Solan (H.P.)

ABSTRACT

"Rabindranath Tagore's philosophical and spiritual thoughts transcend all limits of language, culture, and nationality. In his writings, the poet and mystic takes us on a spiritual quest and gives us a glimpse of the infinite in the midst of the finite, unity at the heart of all diversity, and the Divine in all beings and things of the universe" (Adiswarananda The Mystic Poets ).

My paper entitled “Tagore’s Mysticism and Spiritualism” talks about the spiritual philosophy of Tagore. One does not have to be a Hindu, an Indian or a man of particular religion to feel the breath of his poetic soul. Tagore's God is formless and above religions. To him, God is mother, father, king, lover and friend. God is in every creation of this beautiful universe. Indian poets like Subramania Bharathi have also portrayed God in such forms. Tagore's Words: "He is there where the tiller is tilling the hard ground and the path maker is breaking stones" "Life of my life, I shall ever try to keep my body pure, knowing that thy living touch is upon all my limbs" "My desires are many and my cry is pitiful, but ever didst thou save me by hard refusals" "I had my invitation to the world's festival, and thus my life has been blessed. My eyes have seen and my ears have heard" "Give me the strength never to disown the poor or bend my knees before insolent might" "In this playhouse of infinite forms, I have had my play and here have I caught sight of him that is formless"

 

 

ORGANISATIONAL EXCELLENCE AND EMPLOYEE WELL BEING
THROUGH YOGA

R D Sharma
Dean Academic Affairs andCoordinator, SAP in Commerce, University of Jammu, Jammu
&
Bodh Raj Sharma
Ph D Scholar, UGC-NET (JRF) Department of Commerce, University of Jammu

ABSTRACT

In the present era of global competition, each and every organisation wants to attain excellence. This excellence is obtained when all the resources of the organisation are properly utilised. One of the most important resources is the human resource and it is in this context that the utilisation of other resources depends on the efficiency of the human resource. The efficiency can be enhanced by the well being of employees which in turn can be attained through Yoga. Yoga means making our body, mind and life fit by the regular practice of Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayaama, Pratiyahara, concentration, meditation and Contemplation. The aim of Yoga is not seclusion from the world but making ourselves fit and to bring the Divine consciousness in our body, mind and life along with doing given duties more efficiently and effectively. Yoga is not new, but it has a long history. Now, the world has become materialistic and money minded and does not understand the value of contribution of many incarnations of God and ancient sages. But one must understand that the base of material world is spiritual world. This paper is thus, an attempt to explore the relevance of Yoga in the modern world particularly in the organisational excellence and employee well being. The paper will explain in detail the concept of yoga, the various steps involved in yoga, starting from Yama and Niyama to meditation and contemplation. The paper will also suggest some techniques of concentration by which the employees can make their mind focused so that the organisational excellence can be attained. Moreover, the paper will also highlight the relevance of Scriptures like Bhagbad Gita in achieving the organisational excellence and employee well being.

CULTURE, TRADITIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

 

Raghvendra Kumar Pandey
Amrapali Institute affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University, Uttarakhand

ABSTRACT

As a good leader is not born but made .In same way organizational leadership is also not a thing that organizations get in heritage. In order to achieve organizational leadership the organization have to consider some factors and of course culture and tradition are vital out of them.
Organizational leadership is a process by which an organization influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. It is a process whereby an organization influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal and this is possible when the organization understands the culture and traditions of each and every employee because in organizations different people from different states and countries are working that is why they have got different cultures and traditions and working style .
In order to motivate them for a common goal it is quite necessary to provide them such an environment in which they can feel at home, then only they will give the output also as expected by the organization and then only the organization can achieve its goal and organizational leadership. All situations are different. What we do in one situation will not always work in another. We must use our judgment to decide the best course of action and the organizational leadership style needed for each situation. For example, we may need to confront an employee for inappropriate behavior, but if the confrontation is too late or too early, too harsh or too weak, then the results may prove ineffective.
Also note that the culture and tradition normally has a greater effect on the working style of an employee if employee is provided his own culture environment he will not coming any mistake at any situation.

 

 

INTEGRATING SPIRITUALITY IN MANAGEMENT
Rajni Kapoor
Assistant Professor of Economics JIMS, Delhi

Tanvi Gupta
Assistant Professor of Economics, JIMS, Delhi

 ABSTRACTtanvi.rdias@gmail.com

 It is no denying fact that literature on the issue of integrating spirituality in management has become a central focus of concern in the nexus of management studies. This paper attempts to define the role and implications of spirituality in various fields of management. It emphasizes the significance of spirituality in management and organization. A number of dimensions have been explored with respect to the same; Workplace spirituality, Spirituality and values in decision making, Human values, Spirituality and virtuous organizations, Stress management, Motivation, Leadership, Positive approach, Optimism and Dynamic conditions (Condition of risk and uncertainty).
Spirituality is a highly stated virtue which is integral to the success of management and its status in the current turbulent times is indispensable.
Management is an art, which is very simple. It is the process of creation. The eternal creator, who is the very core of this universe, is omnipresent. By reconnecting each day to the infinite within, an organization naturally transforms for the better. Immense potential anywhere is waiting to manifest its purest intentions in the cases which are close to their source.
Business crisis affect people in terms of losing their jobs or home, watching their life savings evaporate or fearing what may be around the corner in worsening economy. But such crisis also offers immense opportunity for spiritual growth. An organization with integrated management who could take a deeper look at their current status and priorities and encourages employees to anchor more deeply than ever in the resources of their spirit, to enhance their ability to face all of life with confidence and service to others survive.
Fundamental decisions with long lasting impact are important for an organization and these choices are made by the people leading the organization towards the goal of double digit growth. Spirituality helps management meet one of the most difficult challenges of creating a momentum for change, a new propaganda designed to transit an organization from second-tier player to a market leader

 

 

 

DHARMA – THE VALUE SYSTEM IN INDIAN HERITAGE

Ram Mohan S.
(IRAS (Retd),MBA., Ph.D.,BGL, Chennai

ABSTRACT

Mahabharata defines Dharma as the upholding principle which helps the upliftment of living beings. The doctrine of Trivarga seeks to strike the balance between the individual interest  and the public interest. However, the supremacy of dharma over artha and kama is emphasized in our heritage texts.  The primary factor that weaves together the various units of the Country and Culture is the value system of dharma.  It comprises of major components like duty towards others, Raja dharma, Samanya dharma, respect for women, equality, gratitude, compassion, simplicity, service sacrifice and universal brotherhood. This study attempts to analyse the significance of each of these facets as delineated in our heritage texts like Manu Smirti, Yagnavalkya Smirti etc.  It brings out the special emphasis given to the role and empowerment of women in our value system, it also  brings out the prescriptions and proscriptions on the community to ensure the welfare of various sections like the labour and the deprived ones.  It also presents the four major obligations on the members of the society.  Drawing reference to the dharma texts the paper discusses the whole of dharma in contemporary issues and management.  It concludes with presenting Gandhiji’s ideal of Rama Rajya with dharma as the corner stone.

 

 

TOWARDS ATTAINING PERFECTION THROUGH RHYTHM AND SELF CONSCIOUSNESS
Rangana Ghatak,
Associate Professor, IES’ Management College & Research Centre, Mumbai

ABSTRACT
Tomorrow’s leaders need to realize that individuals have immense potential as they are part of the Supreme Soul. The fact is that within everyone there is a spiritual centre i.e. the inner core being – the source of wisdom which influences him or her. Unfortunately individuals have forgotten their true self; they need to awaken their true self. To attain that level, to realize their true self; self-development is a must. Even scientists agree that there is something over and above science and that we are part of the cosmic will. What happens in today’s modern world is that ‘ego-driven’ people sacrifice the best part of their life to raise their status in the society and when they get it, they realise its hardly fulfilling. Why this kind of situation is arising? It is because individuals have forgotten their true self. Stress is everywhere. Always there is inner turmoil, peace is lost forever!! Is there a way out to come out of this traumatic situation? What needs to be done to improve the situation? This paper will focus on the true essence of self management and what kind of initiatives can be taken or are taken to attain the level of self-consciousness which would ultimately lead towards attainment of perfection.
Objectives:
to understand the true essence of self management from Indian perspective
to what kind of initiatives can be taken or are taken to attain the level of self-consciousness which would ultimately lead towards perfection.

 

 

FOLKTALES AS CORPORATE MOCKTAILS

Richa sinha
Institute of Management Studies,Makkawala Greens, Dehradun
E mail : sahai.richa@live.com

Satyajeet  Srivastava
Institute of Management Studies, Makkawala Greens, Dehradun
Email : meetsatyajee@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Folktales are the mirror of the richness and the depth of a culture that has developed over the eras. It is not just an assimilation of short stories depicting fantasies and favours rather a transformation of experiences and learning into understandable situations. Folktale as currently understood goes beyond religious or supernatural beliefs and practices, and encompasses the entire body of social tradition. They depict the ethics, character and principles that guided not only the ancient society but even forms the backbone of today’s world.

 

In modern era this society has become organized and has structured functional domain (the organizations) to cater to different needs of today. The character of these institutions is developed and reflected in the administrative and managerial choices and decisions made each day. Many such situations require sound, reasoned, ethical, or principle-based analysis for decision making. An initial understanding of the folk tales provides an easy explanation to all such situations and very easily makes one understand the solution for the same.  Folk tales have through different stories dealt with difference between right & wrong, sharing, importance of trust, many behavioral problems like interpersonal conflicts, interpersonal relationships, increasing tolerance level, encouraging team spirit, cooperativeness, subordination of individual goals for collective goals, time management and governing skills etc. All these and more can be effectively explained through folktales & that too with a fantasy element, catering to the child within each of us.

 

The folktales as crosses different political boundaries and encompasses a wide variety of ethnic, linguistic and religious group, easily percolates in a system and the principle is easily incorporated. Even for HRM, where the new initiative is to provide training & inculcate values among employees in an organization through use of stories & drama with vivid imagery & illustrations, the folktales become handy. This helps in teaching, without seeming to be preaching.
This paper attempts to elaborate on how this absorbing & enthralling medium is relevant even  in today’s competitive & cut-throat business world for dealing efficiently & effectively with interpersonal  relations among employees  and hope , will be helpful in creating an atmosphere of openness.

 

 

INTEGRATING SPIRITUALITY AND LEADERSHIP TO ENHANCE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
 Ritu Gupta
Research Scholar, Uttrakhand Technical University, Corresponding Nagar, New Delhi

 

ABSTRACT
The focus of this study was to investigate the importance of spirituality among leaders to enhance organizational performance and increasing the overall productivity of the employees. A qualitative technique was used for the study. The results of this study indicate that workplace spirituality has an important role to play as an aide to leadership development, as well as leadership effectiveness. Spiritual leadership comprises the values, attitudes, and behaviors that one must adapt to intrinsically motivating one’s self and others so that they have a sense of spiritual survival i.e. they experience meaning in their lives, have a sense of making a difference, and feel understood and appreciated. This paper seeks to suggest that effective leadership can be achieved by, and can drive, an integral spiritual connectedness among employees which enhances the overall productivity of the organization. These findings are discussed in the light of currently available research literatures and both practical as well as theoretical implications of the study are highlighted.

 

YOGIC PRESCRIPTION FOR CORPORATE WELLNESS AND EXCELLENCE
Rudra Bhandari
Research coordinator, Knowledge Workers’ Network, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar
Email: kwnpyp@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Yoga has been practiced as a complete way of life management and ecological harmony for time
immemorial. In contemporary scenario, scientific researches that substantiate its positive impacts
at bodily, psychic, societal, spiritual and organizational level have been made abundantly.
Successful companies across the globe like MICROSOFT, IBM, Infosys etc. have incorporated
yoga/spirituality at their workplace for employee wellness and organizational excellence.
However, there is lack of an innovative yogic model that is holistic and supportive to boost
corporate wellness (CW) and excellence (CE). So the basic aim of this paper is to propose a
yogic/spiritual prescription for corporate wellness and excellence. That needs to be tested in
further researches.

 

 

SPIRITUAL CLIMATE AND CUSTOMER SERVICE BEHAVIOUR AMONG NURSING PROFESSIONALS

Saidatt Senapaty
Fellow, Academy of HRD, Assistant Professor (HR&OB Division), VIT Business School, VIT University

ABSTRACT
Vellore-632014,Tamil Nadu In the recent years spirituality in the work place has increasingly been the focus of studies among the organizational behaviour researchers. Its antecedents and consequences have extensively been researched. Studies have investigated the spiritual leadership, spiritual climate, and practices fostering spirituality in the work place as antecedent variables to organizational commitment, productivity, employee turnover, inner development, work unit performance, and organizational learning (Fry, 2003; Fry 2009; Duchon & Plowman, 2005; Aydin & Ceylan, 2009). However, a few works investigated the impact of spirituality in the work place on customer service meant for internal and external customers, given the fact that customer service generates customer satisfaction for both internal and external customers. In this piece of work we plan to investigate Fleischman (1994) and Maddock and Fulton’s (1998) model of work place spirituality and its impact on customer service. The model presents two aspects of work place spirituality—calling and membership. Calling refers to the feeling of making a difference and deriving meaning and purpose in life by serving others. Membership refers to the feeling of being understood and appreciated by being part of cultural and social networks of the organization. It comes as an outcome of interrelationship and connection through social interaction. Previous studies have acknowledged the importance of calling and membership for professionals in deriving their satisfaction in work life and work related outcomes. We plan to investigate the spiritual climate existing in hospitals and nursing professionals’ customer service behaviours.      

EFFECT OF ‘ANASAKTI’ ON ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLES OF ADULT SUBJECTS: A STUDY OF AN INDIGENOUS CONCEPT OF BHAGWAT GITA
 Sanjay Kumar,
Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP, INDIA 250005

ABSTRACT
The study investigates the effect of Anasakti (Non –attachment), Gender and Age on Attribution Styles. The sample for the study was consisted of 180 male and female subjects of three age groups (35 to 40 years, 45 to 50 years, and 55 to 60 years), who were selected by Quota random sampling from Meerut City of UP, India. A 2 x 2 x 3 factorial experimental design was employed in the study. The dependent variable attributional styles was of two types (internal and external), which were studied for success and failure. The data was collected individually through standardized tools. The results show that anasakti was an effective variable in influencing internal attribution for success (9.10**), internal attribution for failure (13.01), external attribution for success (22.35**) and external attribution for failure (8.39**). Further, a significant effect of sex was obtained on the external attribution for failure (6.72*) and the age was found effective on internal attribution for success (7.01**). The data was discussed in the light of theoretical and empirical research work.

 

FROM MYSTICAL WORLD TO THE ORGANISATIONAL LEADERHSIP

Sanjay Kujur sj
Treasure & HOD of Marketing and Finance
Sanjaykujur@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
“For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul.” Mt. 16:26 (Bible)

This  was the famous quotation used by St. Ignatius of Loyola, Spain, a sixteenth century mystic. A man who had a great desire to achieve the worldly name and fame, had finally converted  into a spiritual quest. The same quotation had been repeatedly uttered by St. Ignatius to St. Francis Xavier,who had also a great desire to be a renowned professor at Paris. Finally Francis Xavier also changed his life fully for the greater glory of God. St. Ignatius founded the Society, called “Society of Jesus”  the followers are known as Jesuits, spread all over the globe, numbering 19000 appx. St. Ignatius has brought a great revolution by bringing a spiritual and intellectual leadership within the Catholic Church and created a unique history after 16th century. A number of schools and colleges, spiritual, social and research centres etc. that are branded under the various names like Xavier, Loyola, St. Joseph, Campion etc. are run by the Jesuits in India and abroad. These organizations playing a leading role in the intellectual world are the outcome of  a great mystic St. Ignatius of  Loyola.  His great philosophy was “ For the greater glory of God” under which all the Jesuits are carrying out the greater service to the human kind. My focus will be, how a mystical world leads to a organizational leadership at various realm.

 

"OMANI SOCIETY AND ADVERTISING ETHICS OF CONSUMER"

Sanjay Singh Baghel
Department of Communication Studies, College of Applied Sciences, Ministry of Higher Education, Oman.

 

ABSTRACT

In advertising world ethics is a choice between good and bad, between right and wrong. It is governed by a set of principles of morality at a given time and at a given place. Ethics is related to group behavior in ultimate analysis, setting thus norms for an individual to follow in consistence with the group norms.
An advertising communication is a mix of art and facts submissive to ethical principles. In order to be consumer oriented, an advertisement will have to be truthful and ethical. It should not mislead the consumer. Seeing the dynamics of change and radical transformations of advertising industry, I have interviewed the academicians, students and general consumers of Oman to seek their opinion on the present status of advertising ethics. The leading Omani newspapers were analyzed to review the product and its consumer class to understand ethical values of the advertisement.
This paper offers the critical analysis of the products and its consumers to understand not only buying and selling motives. It is recommend that both the advertiser, producer of the product and services, individually and in consultation with one another , deal with not only the message of advertising, understand ethical problems and in setting norms to create win-win situation for the everyone

 

SPIRITUALITY AT WORK: RESEARCH ISSUES

Santosh Kumar Sharma
Research Scholar (HR/OB), Department of HSS, IIT Roorkee,

Renu Rastogi
Professor (Organizational Behavior), Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian     Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee

 

ABSTRACT

The significance of spirituality at work as a formal research area is clearly visible through the large volume of published research papers and articles over the last decade. There is also plethora of spirituality based research projects across other major academic disciplines like adult education, medicine, sociology and psychology, making spirituality as a valuable area for research. However, application of spirituality in the field of management and organizational sciences is limited due to various conflicting research-issues. Keeping this view in mind, the paper intends to address some of the research issues: definitional divergence, competing frameworks, different religious perspectives to define spirituality, overlapping nature of personality and spirituality and other key research issues related to spirituality at work. These research issues should be kept in mind by the researchers before applying the concept of spirituality in management and organizational sciences. The present study addresses these issues on the basis of available relevant literature.

 

PROPOSING AN EMPLOYEE WELFARE FRAMEWORK FOR INDIAN CORPORATE ORGANISATIONS: A MIXED METHOD STUDY

 

Shashank Shah
School of Business Management, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Andhra Pradesh, India
Email: shashank@sssu.edu.in

ABSTRACT
In recent times, scores of corporate frauds and failures have highlighted the existing skew in corporate organisations towards a specific set of stakeholders i.e. the shareholders and the senior management, while ignoring other important stakeholders who (can) play an important role in the success and growth story of organisations. This paper aims at highlighting the importance of one such stakeholder – the employees and the labour force. Using the mixed method approach, the paper has attempted to propose an Employee Welfare Index and an Employee Welfare Framework for Indian corporate organisations. Both the quantitative and qualitative data used in this paper is primary data gathered by the author through survey instruments and personal interviews with managers and executives across corporate hierarchy.

APPLYING THE FOUR-STAGE LIFECYCLE MODEL TO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Scott Walsworth
Hanlon Scholar in International Business, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Suresh Kalagnanam
Associate Professor, CGA Saskatchewan Accounting Scholar, University of Saskatchewan, SK

ABSTRACT

This paper outlines the argument for adopting teachings from Hinduism to address human resource (HR) concerns in the modern for profit organization.  As a way of mitigating risk, management and investors focus on short term measures of firm performance.  Consequently there is diminished incentive to incur short term loss to secure long term growth.  Two resulting HR challenges are explored.  First training and development for new employees, which does not have immediate performance implications, is avoided.  Secondly, the emphasis on short term measures contributes to low employee morale as employees are constantly reassessed and pressured to forgo family and community responsibilities. 

We apply the Four Stage Lifecycle Model of Hinduism which identifies the major stages in an employee’s career as well as the important HR functions in each stage.  We then develop a framework that positions training and development and knowledge transfer as an important competitive advantage.  Reducing the systematic waste of talent and knowledge in the modern organization requires a re-evaluation of commitment to employees.  This also requires a shift from short-term HR planning and strategy to a long-term focus.  Superior market performance will follow in the form of more efficient use of human capital.

STUDYING THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP METHODS ON EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION: A CASE STUDY IN SHAHED UNIVERSITY, IRAN
Sima Rasouli
Staff Training Coordinator, Shahed University,Tehran, Iran

Masoud Haghighi
Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Rodehen Branch, Iran

ABSTRACT

One of the most significant indicators in evaluating productivity of an organization and its management efficiency is the return of investment. It is well known that this index depends extensively on the efficiency of organization’s employees. Therefore, managers are expected to continuously monitor the staff motivation and merit of individuals and working teams.
In this paper, the effect of leadership methods on the motivation of employees is studied. The statistical population included all 241 employees (both staff and managers) of Shahed University.
A descriptive surveying research approach was used and the data was collected using two questionnaires developed for this study. The first questionnaire made of 31 questions for staff (with α=0.85) and the second questionnaire included 20 questions for managers (with α=0.93).
Different descriptive and inferential statistical parameters were estimated including the data mean and correlation coefficients. The results indicated that there is a meaningful relationship between the leadership method and the level of employees’ motivation. Also, it was found that the relation oriented leadership method could lead to a stronger motivation in employees. Also, the leadership style of Shahed University managers is task oriented from employees’ point of view, whereas it is group oriented from managers’ point of view. Finally, the results showed that male employees scored higher (67.8%) in motivation questions than that of female staff (64.04%).

 

 

SELF CONSCIOUSNESS AND PSYCHIC BEING

Susmita Banerjee
Lecturer, Pailan College of Management and Technology, Kolkata

  ABSTRACT

Self consciousness is self awareness. The level of awareness is both subjective and objective The mode of realization is board and indescribable by words It could be felt , loved and intellectually appreciable .Our center of consciousness shifts from lower to higher level. The more it goes up we see a different world in a different views .our consciousness creates the universe around Us Our mind is a mixture of our visions views opinions imaginations definitions feelings and beliefs. When  we Constantly think on a particular topic it gives us in depth absorption of a particular area of consciousness. So our psychic being allows us to control all our desires illusions ,  thoughts , attachments, pet ideas , likings disliking We  can observe our true self, in our state of pure consciousness which will lead us to self consciousness which is be coming absolute , going beyond world of name and shape. The eternal peace and bliss .That manifestation of Brahma or Adwaita in one’s self.

Our life is constantly changing , going towards perfection , pure love and self less work through practice A person  with self awareness is not able to resist him self from serving mankind. By his thoughts, deeds, and prayers he constantly serve mankind

The control of mind is not easy, there are different ways to control it .There are different methods of initiation and communion with the supreme soul  Which gives a surrender  of false psychic being and ego .Which leads identification and absorption of one self to conscious state, purely conscious and see it every where as swami Vivekananda said it is unconscious in matter conscious in men and  they  are the true selfless motivating  and inspiring leaders for ever.
Our universe has created few that type of leaders they can show mankind a path of holiness for ever , like Buddha , Christ , Ramakrishna ,Mohammad etc Love for this soul comes after the self knowledge , when we consider our higher levels as our true wisdom we become free from bondage we get every one in our heart  We an marry our beloved any distinction or diversion .Marriage actually is according to Manu  is the heart of two minds. Without any rituals our mind can immerge in the ocean of universal love  by the individual identity and that satisfies human tendencies to concentrate totally on true self , Like the fire and it’s burning capacity, like the flower and it’s fragrance This paper deals with these areas with a qualitative views .

 

 

 

NEED FOR INDIAN ETHOS IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Swami Samarpanananda

 

Religious Ethos vs Ethos of Demonisation
Ethos is the complete set of principles and practices adopted by a community. Thus, business ethos is the set of ideas and attitudes adopted by people who are into the art and science of money circulation in the society.
An individual or a group involved in the act of money circulation is bound to keep a part of the circulated money for himself. How much money is held back, in what manner, and for what purpose  -- are the issues dealt by the analysts of business ethos.
Religion, on the other hand, is the effort by an individual or a group to hold on to the divine by making one's acts, thoughts and efforts noble. This means that a person can be religious even through the act of money making and money circulation. He only has to fine tune his acts, ideas and attitudes to make them noble and godward.
By its very nature, money has a mesmerising power. Unless business interests are inspired and powered by religion and spirituality, it is bound to spiral morally downward. An unrestrained businessman may soon find himself on a runaway train of immorality rather than on a running train of morality. It is then that the unscrupulous take up the ethos of demonisation, instead of the the ethos of the divine. The would be divine then metamorphoses into towering demon. It is then that business houses start sucking up the tasteful mercilessly, and spew out the unpalatable heartlessly. 
Keeping these dangers in view, sages of India evolved mechanisms to restrain greed and power, and made frameworks by which the mundane could be made sacred.
Incidentally the Cartesian divide between the divine and the profane has never been a problem with Indian tradition. In this land, any act is judged to be divine or profane by attitude, and not by mere acts.

 

 

STORYTELLING AS A LEADERSHIP TOOL TO CREATE A VALUE BASED ORGANIZATION IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT

Uma G Rao
Research Student :  Executive Fellow Program of Management, XLRI (2008-2012)
Profession : General Manager – Human Resources, IBM India Pvt Limited

ABSTRACT
.
This paper aims to examine the narrative of storytelling as a leadership tool using the metaphor of Indian epics and folklore. While there are past studies which link Indian culture and mythology with leadership styles in India, this paper builds further on it.It tries to understand how such leaders use the metaphor of cultural mythology through storytelling in organizations for transmitting values. By doing so they are extending the embodiment of these myths beyond themselves in the present moment, into collective sense making which then acts as the backdrop of all organizational action. It is a process where groups create social reality interactively which in turn becomes the organizational reality, a reality based on conventional wisdom and values.
Attempt has also been made to understand the limitations of storytelling to get a better perspective of how much this can actually be a credible leadership tool in the light of its position in the research world.
Apart from reference of religious and political leaders to exemplify the past, for the purpose of this paper, “leader” (and therefore leadership) in an organizational context is a person who is in key decision making role in the top management and one who is in an assigned organizational role in which he/she either directly supervises the workforce or wields considerable influence in power structure of the organization.
“Myth” represents true stories from the past.
“Metaphor” is an allegory or figure of speech. It’s an outcome of a cognitive process where literary meaning of a word is applied to a new context in a figurative sense. “Indian epics, mythology and folklore” here is with specific regard to Hinduism.

 

 

SPIRITUALITY: A STRESS MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE DELHI BASED PSU’S EMPLOYEES

Uma Sanjay Singh
Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, ARSD College, University of Delhi,  Delhi

ABSTRACT
There are a number of studies that have monitored the impact of Stress Management Interventions (PSU’s) and the outcome of these studies can play a essential role in informing the development of more effective, evidenced-based PSUs. In this paper, I have done intensive study about spirituality and its benefits to undertaken a review of the Delhi, India based PSU’s, –on the basis of the research, author has experienced the impact of spirituality upon PSUs employees. Fifteen studies were examined and the results discovered that the vast majority of spiritual interventions were embattled at the individual employee, although there was a trend for more recent research to focus on organizational level interventions. While all spiritual intervention levels were found to have some human and/or organizational benefits, strategies aimed at the individual level were less likely to result in longer-term benefits. An examination of the research methods used in the 15 studies indicated that Delhi, India based researchers are commencing to adopt more meticulous research methods. Nevertheless, there was a tendency for researchers to assess spiritual interventions over a comparatively short time-frame. The implications of these findings of spirituality for future research are discussed.

 

UNRESTRAINED AND UNOWNED PURSUIT OF GREED:

ROOTS OF ETHICAL BREAKDOWNS AND CORPORATE SCAMS

Uma Jain

Founder CEO and Principal Consultant

 

ABSTRACT

The Global recession triggered by the collapse of American financial institutions, and closer to home, the Satyam scam have brought to light that the pursuits of the corporate world lack the foundation of a healthy balance of values which can lead to a sustainable pace of growth and continuing dignity for individuals and organisations. While the analysis in the media and industry tends to focus on the need for better top leaders and more effective regulatory role by the government, this paper will present a diagnosis of the situation based on action research data generated during developmental work on values and culture building with a wide variety of organizations.

 

The diagnosis will show how individual and corporate greed operating at various levels of the system creates and perpetuates a vicious circle of value erosion leading to ethical breakdowns and financial downfalls of corporates as well loss of image. While neither individuals nor organizations own up greed and acquiring wealth as their prime value, it often governs the decisions in practice at the cost of the stated desired values. At the root of these patterns leading to recurring instances of such conduct by corporations are several myths and assumptions which allow an unrestrained pursuit of greed to continue without stating it as a value. While the scams are an extreme example, there is a widespread prevalence of incongruence in stated and practiced values, which is caused by lack competence in practicing values at individual and organizational levels.  Based on models of values competence, this paper will make a case for a development-oriented approach to build widespread ownership and competence for the practice of desired values in organisations as a more empowering and self-sustaining /enduring way of pursuing growth as well enabling socially responsible behaviour from corporations.

 

FACILITATING AND DEBILITATING FACTOR IN DALIT WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MADHYA PRADESH

Uroos Fatima Rizvi
Editorial Officer/ Faculty, Xavier Institute – XIDAS, Tilhari, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
&

 J. R. Jha
Xavier Institute – XIDAS, Tilhari, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

ABSTRACT

Is there still a need to talk specifically about women entrepreneurs? On top of everything that has been already said'? Yes and no. No, because all that has been said about entrepreneurship is directly applicable to women, the concept, characteristics, sources' etc. Women entrepreneurs, as research demonstrates, may do things differently. Women tend to work more in teams, are less self-centered and personal ego to them is less important than success of the organization or business idea they are pursuing.
However, there is no difference in characteristics such as achievement, autonomy, aggression, independence and benevolence between female and male entrepreneurs (Hisrich and Brush, 1984). The risk taking propensity of male and female entrepreneurs is equal. Here we need to talk explicitly about dalit women entrepreneurs. It should be stressed that dalit women can encounter many constraints when trying to take part in the transformation process. Rural areas tend to be more traditional in regard to the gender issue than the urban area. The gender issue is usually a much stronger hindering factor to potential female entrepreneurs, their self-esteem and managerial skills being lower when compared to male and access to external financial resources.
Therefore, special programmes of assistance by Micro finance, NGOs, PRI, DRDA etc (technical and financial) to overcome these constraints are developed and designed to meet the needs of dalit women in order to be able to take an active part in entrepreneurial restructuring of their communities to develop their own ventures, to expand their already existing businesses, or to function as social entrepreneurs and decision making process. Since their number today is still below the potential one. To this end, based on our experiences as well as on other research studies of many other entrepreneurial women, across Madhya Pradesh. 

 

 

SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP APPROACH: THE GURU MANTRA FOR CEO’S
Usha Devi.N
Associate professor, Dept. of Commerce, MLA First Grade College for Women, Bangalore
&
Kamatch.P
Associate Professor, Dept. of commerce, NMKRV College, Bangalore
&
Janardhan T.G
Associate professor, Dept. of Commerce, MES College , Bangalore
&
Bhargavi.VR
Faculty, Dept. of Commerce & Management, Sheshadripuram College, Bangalore

ABSTRACT

This article presents totally different menu. Drawing on authors personal experience and inspired by the writings of saint – philosophers viz., Bhaghavan Buddha, Sri Adi shankara, Swami Vivekananda and corporate Rishis viz., Narayana Murthy of Infosys and Azim Premji of Wipro, authors made an attempt to narrate the guru mantra for CEO’S for developing human capital. Further, this article can be very useful to executives, who want to achieve results with the support of people, as it highlights real solutions to some of the most difficult problems and ultimately facilitates them  to gain not only sustainable business growth but also in transforming ordinary man into extra – ordinary. 

 

 

THE ROLE OF SELF-CONTROL IN ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

Vasudev Das (Bhakti Vasudeva Swami)
Mayapur Institute, Mayapur, West Bengal, India.
Email: vasudev.das@waldenu.edu

ABSTRACT

Effective leadership is the bedrock of a successful organization. One of the objectives of organizational leadership study is to generate ideas with a view to create a positive social change. Researchers have brought to bear that from micro to macro levels, organizational leadership is replete with challenges. This study seeks to diagnostically explore, through semi-structured interviews, observation, document analysis the role of self-control in organizational leadership at three strata research sites in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Florida, all in the United States of America. I will draw sample sizes of 43, 36, and 44 research participants respectively from each of the research stratum. I will perform data management and analysis with NVivo.

 

INTEGRATING SPIRITUALITY & ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP:
IN PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS

 Vinod Kr. Sharma
Director – Jagran Institute of Management – Kanpur
Vinod.kr.sharma@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Spirituality can be a source of quality for the individual and for the society, and can also be source of quality for the Organizations. Organizations are becoming more “Knowledge oriented or Learning organizations”. If knowledge is the key asset, then developing human quality must be at the heart of the corporate structure. As a source of quality, spirituality can have a strong impact on our values. It can make individuals more lucid when analyzing their behavior.
This paper explores how quality of relationship can influence performance our very existence.
In the world of business, relationships are the key to success. People at every level have a deep need for relationships, and catering to that need might ultimately determine the success of an organization. Fortunately some businesses have started measuring their success not in terms of maximizing shareholder wealth, but in terms of maximizing employee potential and contribution to the society. I am of the opinion that there is a strong link between employee loyalty and shareholder value. Nurturing emotional bond among employees leads to loyalty, loyal employees attract loyal customers and loyal customers enhance shareholder value. Organizations need to operate like family where emotional bonding is nurtured.

 

 

SPIRITUALITY AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT

 

Vishwanath V Siddhanti
Faculty, A S Patil College of Commerce, MBA Programme, Karnataka University of Dharwad

ABSTRACTS

The rapid changing face of the way world is interacting now a days has had a deep impact on the practice of managing the projects. Irrespective of size of the projects, leaders and members of project from all corners of the world are involved in the execution. There is a growing use of projects and project management principles in business, government, not-for-profits, education, and the military. But, as the complexity and intricacies of projects develop, so also does the complexity of the membership of project teams, often formed of disparate groups of people put together for the duration of the project. Efficient teams have a greater 'espirit de corps' which can enable them to reach a higher level of performance and productivity. They are 'spirited teams.' This often takes them to a spiritual place - those high moments when one feels the presence of a higher power. There is a strong sense of meaning and purpose and a powerful alignment around a clear vision. People are able to bring the best of themselves to the project, and even find themselves going beyond what they thought was possible.
This paper examines the role of spirituality in project management. The role of spirituality in project management is one such critical factor which is often overlooked. But when intercepted, it can reflect the difference between effectiveness and ineffectiveness. With a greater understanding of the role of spirituality in project management, project managers will be able to engage their team members' passion and purpose, unleash their creativity, and help them solve complicated problems. They will be able to help their project teams develop greater courage to take on projects that seem unsolvable, and contribute to projects that really make a difference in the world.

 

 

VALUE BASED LEADERSHIP: THE BASIS FOR CORPORATE RESILIENCE

Walter Baets
Director of the Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, South Africa

 

INTRODUCTION

The concept of corporate or organisational resilience recognises amongst others that resilient people are the foundation of the human capital of the company.  People that consistently bring healthy bodies (their healthy bodies), positive energy, clear thinking and purpose to work are the buildings bricks of organisational resilience.  The glue that makes out of this interaction of resilient people something called corporate resilience is the value based approach of the company, the meaningfulness of what the company is doing. This is both based on the managerial paradigm the company is working in, as well as on the leadership that management is capable of developing.

“Shareholder value only” belongs to the mainstream managerial paradigm that is increasingly called into question. The recent worldwide financial crisis is only the latest manifestation of a paradigm that does seem to focus on growth (as defined by GDP per capita) but in an unequal way.  It is increasingly questioned how the economy can move from a shareholder perspective to a stakeholder perspective.  With less and less time to lose, people cannot afford the luxury of continuing to think in a paradigm that hardly questions the “negative” side effect of its own ontology, let alone its impact on all living species, including ourselves and nature. The framework of a short term business view, ignoring the devastating impact of our consumerism on our own environment and our own well being, is no longer tenable.

However, our managerial paradigm, that is in essence still a Newtonian one (fixed time-space concept, causality, linearity and non-dynamic behaviour) cannot easily cater for a more responsible, value based management, where leadership could play the crucial role we tend to give it. Some individual managers, nevertheless, try to realise value based management within the mainstream paradigm, but in order to realise this, they have to define responsibility or sustainability as an additional corporate goal.  The mainstream paradigm does not provide the space for such an additional goal and in practice the best of goodwill get scrunched in the mainstream goals of the company. 

 

 

THE STUDY OF COMPLEXITY PARADIGM IN ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

Yousef Mohebzadegan

Faculty Member of Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran

ABSTRACT

 At the change Age, Leadership and management theories as the Other Scientific Field go to be change and transformation, which affected by paradigms in aspects of different Science. Two basic Paradigm, Newton’s and Complexity were very effective. Equilibrium and Control are two basic concepts in Newton’s paradigm, in which organizations assumed as a machine that you can lead it in ideal path with a precise mechanical plan, whereas recent Organizations are complex adaptive system in which hierarchical and traditional Management aren’t suitable and organizational Leaders to understand and Leading toward desirable aims should be recognize the Complexity paradigm. In this article we study the different aspects of complexity theory and influence to organizational leadership.